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Questions and Answers
What type of infection is rabies classified as?
What type of infection is rabies classified as?
- Acute infection of the central nervous system (correct)
- Bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract
- Viral infection of the peripheral nervous system
- Chronic infection of the respiratory system
What is the global yearly mortality rate from rabies?
What is the global yearly mortality rate from rabies?
- 30,000 deaths
- 60,000 deaths
- 45,000 deaths (correct)
- 20,000 deaths
What is the typical outcome of untreated rabies infection?
What is the typical outcome of untreated rabies infection?
- Full recovery is common with early treatment
- Most cases lead to fatality (correct)
- Typically results in paralysis and loss of function
- Symptoms usually resolve within a few days
Which system does the rabies virus primarily affect?
Which system does the rabies virus primarily affect?
How is rabies most commonly transmitted?
How is rabies most commonly transmitted?
Which symptoms are NOT typically associated with the prodrome stage?
Which symptoms are NOT typically associated with the prodrome stage?
During the excitement stage, what causes the increased lacrimation and salivation?
During the excitement stage, what causes the increased lacrimation and salivation?
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of the excitement stage?
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of the excitement stage?
What is a common symptom exhibited in the prodrome stage?
What is a common symptom exhibited in the prodrome stage?
Which country has the highest mortality rate due to rabies?
Which country has the highest mortality rate due to rabies?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom shared between the prodrome and excitement stages?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom shared between the prodrome and excitement stages?
What is the family classification of the rabies virus?
What is the family classification of the rabies virus?
Which species of the genus does the rabies virus belong to?
Which species of the genus does the rabies virus belong to?
Which country has the second highest mortality rate from rabies?
Which country has the second highest mortality rate from rabies?
Which of the following viruses is NOT in the rabies family?
Which of the following viruses is NOT in the rabies family?
Which method is NOT mentioned for detecting specific antibodies to rabies?
Which method is NOT mentioned for detecting specific antibodies to rabies?
Which type of specimen can be used for testing rabies antibodies?
Which type of specimen can be used for testing rabies antibodies?
What is the significance of Negri bodies in the context of rabies?
What is the significance of Negri bodies in the context of rabies?
In which component of the nervous system are Purkinje cells primarily located?
In which component of the nervous system are Purkinje cells primarily located?
Which assay can detect specific rabies antibodies through observation of fluorescence?
Which assay can detect specific rabies antibodies through observation of fluorescence?
What is the recommended dosage and administration route for the HDCV in pre-exposure prophylaxis?
What is the recommended dosage and administration route for the HDCV in pre-exposure prophylaxis?
How often should booster doses of HDCV be administered if continuous protection is required?
How often should booster doses of HDCV be administered if continuous protection is required?
On which specific days are the initial doses of HDCV administered for pre-exposure prophylaxis?
On which specific days are the initial doses of HDCV administered for pre-exposure prophylaxis?
What volume of HDCV is given intradermally as part of the prophylaxis protocol?
What volume of HDCV is given intradermally as part of the prophylaxis protocol?
Which schedule specifies the timing of booster doses for the HDCV?
Which schedule specifies the timing of booster doses for the HDCV?
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Study Notes
Rabies Virus
- Rabies is a fatal central nervous system infection.
- An estimated 45,000 people die from rabies each year worldwide.
- The highest mortality rates occur in India (35,000), China (6,000), and Bangladesh (2,000).
- The rabies virus belongs to the Lyssavirus genus within the Rhabdoviridae family.
- Prodromal stage symptoms include headache, malaise, irritability, and personality changes.
- The excitement stage exhibits nervousness, over-activity, increased lacrimation and salivation, and hydrophobia due to severe throat muscle spasms during swallowing.
- Specific antibodies to rabies can be detected by ELISA or immunofluorescence assays on serum or cerebrospinal fluid.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can be used to diagnose rabies virus.
- Negri bodies can be found in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells within the cerebellar cortex.
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis involves a three-dose regimen of Human Diploid Cell Vaccine (HDCV) given intramuscularly (1 ml) or intradermally (0.1 ml) on days 0, 7, and 28.
- Booster doses of HDCV are recommended every two years for continued protection.
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