Rabies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the morphology of the rabies virus?

  • Helical nucleocapsid contained in a bullet-shaped lipoprotein envelope (correct)
  • Cuboidal with a rough surface
  • Rod-shaped with spikes on the envelope
  • Spherical with a smooth surface

    • How many glycoprotein (G) spikes does the rabies virus have?

  • 150
  • 100
  • 200 (correct)
  • 50

    • Which family does rhabdoviruses belong to?

  • Poxviridae
  • Herpesviridae
  • Rhabdoviridae (correct)
  • Flaviviridae

    • What is the classification of rhabdoviruses infecting mammals?

    <p>Genus lyssavirus and genus vesiculovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a rabies virus related virus?

    <p>Chandipur virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the dimensions of the rabies virion?

    <p>180 x 75 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genome does the rabies virus have?

    <p>Single stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary activity of the approximately 200 glycoprotein (G) spikes of the rabies virus?

    <p>Hemagglutinin activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period for rabies in humans?

    <p>1-2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the clinical spectrum of human rabies is characterized by symptoms such as nervousness, apprehension, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior?

    <p>Acute neurologic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathognomonic feature of the acute neurologic phase of human rabies?

    <p>Difficulty in drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which form of rabies in dogs does the excitative or irritative stage lack?

    <p>Dumb rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is most commonly used for diagnosis of human rabies by demonstrating rabies virus antigens?

    <p>Rabies antigens by immunofluorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test can establish a highly specific diagnosis of rabies viral antigen within a few hours?

    <p>Demonstration of rabies virus antigen by immunofluorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best single test currently available for the rapid diagnosis of rabies viral antigen in infected specimens?

    <p>Demonstration of rabies virus antigen by immunofluorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is the major structural protein of the rabies virus?

    <p>Membrane or matrix (M) protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the host range of the rabies virus?

    <p>All warm-blooded animals including humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the street virus?

    <p>Virus isolated from natural human or animal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual mode of inoculation for growing rabies virus in chick embryos?

    <p>Into the yolk sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does rabies virus travel to the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>By retrograde axoplasmic transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of rabies patients once clinical disease is apparent?

    <p>Fatal outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature and duration can inactivate the rabies virus?

    <p>$50°C for 1 hour or 60°C for 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What antigen elicits complement fixing antibodies but is not protective?

    <p>$Nucleocapsid protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which preparation of anti rabies serum has now replaced equine antirabies serum in many countries?

    <p>Human Rabies Immune Globulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose for human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) for passive immunization?

    <p>20 IU per kg of body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age are injections for concentrated cell culture vaccines given to animals?

    <p>12 weeks of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major source of rabies virus in the bite of a rabid animal?

    <p>Saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classic mode of transmission of rabies from animals to humans?

    <p>Saliva in bite of rabid animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of rabies involves the vampire bat as an important host and vector?

    <p>Wild-life or sylvatic rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reservoir of rabies according to the text?

    <p>Wild animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to detect rabies virus antigen in live animals in corneal impressions or frozen sections of skin biopsies?

    <p>Fluorescent antibody test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prophylaxis is indicated for persons at high risk of contact with rabies virus, such as laboratory workers handling rabies virus or with rabid animals?

    <p>Preexposure prophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antirabic vaccine is associated with serious risk of neurological complications and has been replaced by the non-neural vaccines?

    <p>Pasteur vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal site for vaccination for antirabies treatment?

    <p>Anterior abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage schedule for a full antirabies vaccination course?

    <p>7–10 daily inoculations followed by 1–2 boosters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of exposure warrants the highest dose of antirabies vaccine?

    <p>Class III (Severe risk)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for giving a full five-injection course of antirabies vaccine after five years?

    <p>Exposure to infection after five years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse reaction is NOT associated with antirabies vaccination?

    <p>High fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herpesvirus is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma?

    <p>Human herpes virus 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of a herpesvirus virion?

    <p>150-250 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cell do varicella zoster and herpes simplex viruses establish latent infections in?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major structural protein of a herpesvirus virion?

    <p>Capsid proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of infection involves the herpesviruses being bud from the nuclear membrane?

    <p>Lytic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate size of the capsid of a herpesvirus virion?

    <p>95-105 nm diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is characterized by reactivation in herpesviruses?

    <p>Latent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the 8nm spikes on the envelope of a herpesvirion consist of?

    <p>'Viral glycoproteins'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the cell do herpesviruses persist indefinitely?

    <p>'Nucleus'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of herpes virus causes oropharyngeal disease and keratoconjunctivitis?

    <p>HSV-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which host condition can people with HSV infections be contagious even when they do not have skin lesions?

    <p>Immunocompromised hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drug of choice for antiviral chemotherapy for HSV infections?

    <p>Acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is highly susceptible to HSV infection?

    <p>Newborns (0-6 months)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary manifestation of Varicella-Zoster Virus infection in normal individuals?

    <p>Chickenpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form does Varicella-Zoster Virus appear in immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>Shingles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range for reactivation leading to the appearance of shingles?

    <p>&gt;40 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of Varicella-Zoster Virus?

    <p>Respiratory route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for herpes infections?

    <p>There is no cure for herpes, but antiviral medications can shorten and prevent outbreaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary infection caused by Varicella-Zoster Virus in children?

    <p>Chickenpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with the development of Kaposi sarcoma, a vascular tumor common in patients with AIDS?

    <p>HHV-8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary activity of the approximately 200 glycoprotein (G) spikes of the rabies virus?

    <p>Binding to host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes chickenpox on primary infection and shingles upon reactivation?

    <p>VZV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic effect induced by human herpesviruses that can include intranuclear inclusion bodies?

    <p>Cytopathic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is linked with Burkitt lymphoma of African children, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and other lymphoproliferative disorders?

    <p>EBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger the reactivation of herpes simplex viruses?

    <p>Physical trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus replicates in epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, salivary glands, and kidneys, and causes an infectious mononucleosis?

    <p>CMV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common clinical manifestation of type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1)?

    <p>Fever blisters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the latency of herpes simplex viruses occur mainly in normal humans?

    <p>Trigeminal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus infects T lymphocytes and causes exanthem subitum (roseola infantum) in early infancy?

    <p>HHV-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true for herpesviruses?

    <p>Migrate up the nerves to the sensory ganglia during the primary infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the morphology of all Herpesviruses?

    <p>Icosahedral core surrounded by a protein envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with causing Kaposi sarcoma?

    <p>Human herpesvirus 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target cell for Human herpesvirus 1?

    <p>Mucoepithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do herpesviruses differ from other nuclear DNA viruses?

    <p>They encode a large number of enzymes involved in DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of spread for Human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein-Barr virus)?

    <p>(Saliva) Kissing disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do herpesviruses obtain their envelope?

    <p>By budding from the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of latency for herpesviruses?

    <p>(Neuron) T cells and .</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true for the Herpesviruses genome?

    <p>(Linear double-stranded DNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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