Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of quotation marks in writing?
What is the primary purpose of quotation marks in writing?
What is another term for reported speech?
What is another term for reported speech?
What is typically written in direct speech and uses quotation marks?
What is typically written in direct speech and uses quotation marks?
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, what changes need to be made?
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, what changes need to be made?
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What is the main characteristic of indirect speech?
What is the main characteristic of indirect speech?
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In which type of writing is indirect speech often used?
In which type of writing is indirect speech often used?
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Study Notes
Direct and Reported Speech
Quotation Marks
- Used to set off direct speech from the rest of the sentence
- Single quotation marks (' ') or double quotation marks (" ") are used to enclose direct speech
- Quotation marks are not used in reported speech
Narration
- Also known as indirect speech
- Reports what someone said without using their exact words
- Typically introduces the reported speech with a verb of communication (e.g. said, told, asked)
Dialogue
- A conversation between two or more people
- Typically written in direct speech, using quotation marks
- Can be used in fiction or non-fiction to add realism and engage the reader
Converting Speech
- Converting direct speech to indirect speech involves changing:
- Pronouns (e.g. I → he/she)
- Verb tenses (e.g. present → past)
- Time and place expressions (e.g. today → that day)
- Converting indirect speech to direct speech involves reversing these changes
Indirect Speech
- Reports what someone said without using their exact words
- May not be a word-for-word translation of the original speech
- Typically uses a verb of communication to introduce the reported speech
Use
- Direct speech is often used in:
- Fiction to create dialogue
- Non-fiction to add realism and engage the reader
- Indirect speech is often used in:
- News reporting to summarize statements
- Academic writing to report research findings
Direct and Reported Speech
Quotation Marks
- Used to set off direct speech from the rest of the sentence
- Single or double quotation marks are used to enclose direct speech
- Not used in reported speech
Narration (Indirect Speech)
- Reports what someone said without using their exact words
- Typically introduces the reported speech with a verb of communication (e.g. said, told, asked)
Dialogue
- A conversation between two or more people
- Typically written in direct speech, using quotation marks
- Used in fiction or non-fiction to add realism and engage the reader
Converting Speech
Converting Direct to Indirect Speech
- Change pronouns (e.g. I → he/she)
- Change verb tenses (e.g. present → past)
- Change time and place expressions (e.g. today → that day)
Converting Indirect to Direct Speech
- Reverse the above changes
Indirect Speech
- Reports what someone said without using their exact words
- May not be a word-for-word translation of the original speech
- Typically uses a verb of communication to introduce the reported speech
Use of Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct Speech
- Often used in fiction to create dialogue
- Often used in non-fiction to add realism and engage the reader
Indirect Speech
- Often used in news reporting to summarize statements
- Often used in academic writing to report research findings
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Description
Quiz about the rules of direct and indirect speech, including quotation marks, narration, and dialogue.
