Questionnaire Design Basics
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered primary data?

  • Experiments
  • Field studies
  • Online data
  • Secondary reports (correct)
  • What is an advantage of conducting field studies?

  • Provides complete data reliability
  • Ability to establish causality
  • Reflects real-world conditions (correct)
  • High level of control over variables
  • In which type of experimental design do participants test all conditions?

  • Cross-sectional design
  • Within-subjects design (correct)
  • Longitudinal design
  • Between-subjects design
  • Which variable can be manipulated in an experimental study?

    <p>Independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of conducting experiments in research?

    <p>They allow for the establishment of causality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a between-subjects design?

    <p>Participants are exposed to only one condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation is often associated with field studies?

    <p>Inability to generalize findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variable does NOT directly affect the causal relationship in experiments?

    <p>Random variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the decision-making process?

    <p>Decide whether existing information is adequate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social desirability bias?

    <p>The tendency to respond in a way that is favorable to the surveyor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the information that will be sought in a questionnaire?

    <p>The hypotheses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of question allows respondents to express their thoughts in their own words?

    <p>Open-ended question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variable type is not directly influenced by other variables in a research model?

    <p>Independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to summarize available data?

    <p>To present information in a useful manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which question type has only two possible responses?

    <p>Dichotomous question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is part of primary data collection?

    <p>Surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is referred to as secondary data?

    <p>Data processed and interpreted by others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in designing a questionnaire?

    <p>Information gathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a multichotomous question?

    <p>How many pets do you have? One, Two, Three, Four or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of data analysis in decision-making?

    <p>To draw conclusions and assess risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should complex variables use existing questions or scales?

    <p>To ensure questions are relevant and validated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of scales in survey questions?

    <p>They can include Likert-type and Osgood-type scales.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of response bias involves reluctance to disclose personal information?

    <p>Social desirability bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be considered regarding respondents when designing questions?

    <p>Respondents' willingness to provide information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is NOT considered a form of data collection?

    <p>Analyzing previous studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a dichotomous question in a survey?

    <p>To simplify data analysis using dummy variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to verify when formulating questionnaire questions?

    <p>Are several questions needed instead of one?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the existing information is deemed inadequate?

    <p>Collect more information thoughtfully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of survey questions, what does a Likert-type scale assess?

    <p>It evaluates the intensity of feelings about a statement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a mediating variable in a research model?

    <p>It influences both independent and dependent variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an example of firsthand, original data collection?

    <p>Interviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which question type should be avoided according to best practices in questionnaire design?

    <p>Leading questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a convenience sample?

    <p>A sample selected from the most accessible population members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does selection bias refer to?

    <p>Bias when certain population segments are excluded from the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a quota sample, what is the approach taken?

    <p>Interview a set number of individuals across various categories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is non-response bias?

    <p>Bias resulting from non-participation of a subset of respondents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are rows and columns structured in a dataset collected from respondents?

    <p>Rows represent observations and columns represent questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Designing a Questionnaire

    • Questionnaire design is a complex process.
    • The first step is to determine what information is needed.
    • This is done through a clear articulation of the research question.
    • The study's hypothesis dictates the information sought and the target population.
    • Independent, dependent, moderating, and mediating variables are crucial in constructing a questionnaire.
    • The independent variable is the variable that is changed or manipulated.
    • The dependent variable is the variable that is measured.
    • The moderating variable is a variable that influences the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
    • The mediating variable is a variable that explains the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
    • There are various methods of administration, including online surveys, mailed surveys, and telephone surveys.

    Questionnaire Content and Wording

    • Ensure all questions are relevant to the study objectives.
    • Use existing scales and questions from validated literature for complex variables.
    • Handbooks of marketing scales can be valuable resources.
    • Consider the respondent's ability to provide accurate information.
    • Address potential social desirability bias, recognizing that respondents might not be willing to share sensitive information.

    Types of Questions

    • Open-ended questions allow respondents to express their answers freely.
    • Multichotomous questions offer a set of multiple choices for respondents.
    • Dichotomous questions present two options, often used for creating dummy variables in regression analysis.
    • Scales, like Likert and Osgood scales, are used to measure attitudes and opinions.

    Data Collection Methods

    • Primary data collection involves gathering firsthand information through observations, interviews, experiments, and online data analysis.
    • Field studies are used to examine relationships between variables in a real-world setting.
    • Experiments are designed to establish causality by manipulating an independent variable and measuring its effect on a dependent variable.
    • Secondary data collection involves analyzing existing information gathered from various sources like accounting records, marketing databases, periodicals, and reports.

    Sampling Techniques

    • Nonprobability samples are used when random selection is not feasible.
    • Convenience samples select participants who are readily accessible.
    • Quota samples ensure a specific number of participants from each category.

    Biases in Sampling

    • Selection bias originates from the sampling method, which excludes certain parts of the targeted population.
    • Non-response bias occurs when respondents who choose not to participate differ significantly from the overall population.

    Data Coding

    • Rows in a dataset represent observations.
    • Columns represent different questions in the questionnaire.
    • Each observation (row) contains responses to the questionnaire's items (columns).
    • Data coding is essential to ensure meaningful interpretation and analysis.

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    Related Documents

    Questionnaire Design PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential elements of designing an effective questionnaire. Understand the importance of research questions, variables, and administration methods to gather meaningful data. This quiz will help you grasp the key concepts needed for successful questionnaire development.

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