Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered primary data?
Which of the following is NOT considered primary data?
- Experiments
- Field studies
- Online data
- Secondary reports (correct)
What is an advantage of conducting field studies?
What is an advantage of conducting field studies?
- Provides complete data reliability
- Ability to establish causality
- Reflects real-world conditions (correct)
- High level of control over variables
In which type of experimental design do participants test all conditions?
In which type of experimental design do participants test all conditions?
- Cross-sectional design
- Within-subjects design (correct)
- Longitudinal design
- Between-subjects design
Which variable can be manipulated in an experimental study?
Which variable can be manipulated in an experimental study?
What is a key advantage of conducting experiments in research?
What is a key advantage of conducting experiments in research?
Which of the following describes a between-subjects design?
Which of the following describes a between-subjects design?
What limitation is often associated with field studies?
What limitation is often associated with field studies?
Which variable does NOT directly affect the causal relationship in experiments?
Which variable does NOT directly affect the causal relationship in experiments?
What is the first step in the decision-making process?
What is the first step in the decision-making process?
What is social desirability bias?
What is social desirability bias?
What determines the information that will be sought in a questionnaire?
What determines the information that will be sought in a questionnaire?
Which type of question allows respondents to express their thoughts in their own words?
Which type of question allows respondents to express their thoughts in their own words?
Which variable type is not directly influenced by other variables in a research model?
Which variable type is not directly influenced by other variables in a research model?
Why is it important to summarize available data?
Why is it important to summarize available data?
Which question type has only two possible responses?
Which question type has only two possible responses?
Which method is part of primary data collection?
Which method is part of primary data collection?
What type of data is referred to as secondary data?
What type of data is referred to as secondary data?
What is the first step in designing a questionnaire?
What is the first step in designing a questionnaire?
What is an example of a multichotomous question?
What is an example of a multichotomous question?
What is the purpose of data analysis in decision-making?
What is the purpose of data analysis in decision-making?
Why should complex variables use existing questions or scales?
Why should complex variables use existing questions or scales?
Which of the following is a characteristic of scales in survey questions?
Which of the following is a characteristic of scales in survey questions?
Which type of response bias involves reluctance to disclose personal information?
Which type of response bias involves reluctance to disclose personal information?
What must be considered regarding respondents when designing questions?
What must be considered regarding respondents when designing questions?
Which of the following methods is NOT considered a form of data collection?
Which of the following methods is NOT considered a form of data collection?
What is the purpose of using a dichotomous question in a survey?
What is the purpose of using a dichotomous question in a survey?
What is necessary to verify when formulating questionnaire questions?
What is necessary to verify when formulating questionnaire questions?
What should be done if the existing information is deemed inadequate?
What should be done if the existing information is deemed inadequate?
In the context of survey questions, what does a Likert-type scale assess?
In the context of survey questions, what does a Likert-type scale assess?
Which of the following describes a mediating variable in a research model?
Which of the following describes a mediating variable in a research model?
Which is an example of firsthand, original data collection?
Which is an example of firsthand, original data collection?
Which question type should be avoided according to best practices in questionnaire design?
Which question type should be avoided according to best practices in questionnaire design?
What is a convenience sample?
What is a convenience sample?
What does selection bias refer to?
What does selection bias refer to?
In a quota sample, what is the approach taken?
In a quota sample, what is the approach taken?
What is non-response bias?
What is non-response bias?
How are rows and columns structured in a dataset collected from respondents?
How are rows and columns structured in a dataset collected from respondents?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Designing a Questionnaire
- Questionnaire design is a complex process.
- The first step is to determine what information is needed.
- This is done through a clear articulation of the research question.
- The study's hypothesis dictates the information sought and the target population.
- Independent, dependent, moderating, and mediating variables are crucial in constructing a questionnaire.
- The independent variable is the variable that is changed or manipulated.
- The dependent variable is the variable that is measured.
- The moderating variable is a variable that influences the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
- The mediating variable is a variable that explains the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
- There are various methods of administration, including online surveys, mailed surveys, and telephone surveys.
Questionnaire Content and Wording
- Ensure all questions are relevant to the study objectives.
- Use existing scales and questions from validated literature for complex variables.
- Handbooks of marketing scales can be valuable resources.
- Consider the respondent's ability to provide accurate information.
- Address potential social desirability bias, recognizing that respondents might not be willing to share sensitive information.
Types of Questions
- Open-ended questions allow respondents to express their answers freely.
- Multichotomous questions offer a set of multiple choices for respondents.
- Dichotomous questions present two options, often used for creating dummy variables in regression analysis.
- Scales, like Likert and Osgood scales, are used to measure attitudes and opinions.
Data Collection Methods
- Primary data collection involves gathering firsthand information through observations, interviews, experiments, and online data analysis.
- Field studies are used to examine relationships between variables in a real-world setting.
- Experiments are designed to establish causality by manipulating an independent variable and measuring its effect on a dependent variable.
- Secondary data collection involves analyzing existing information gathered from various sources like accounting records, marketing databases, periodicals, and reports.
Sampling Techniques
- Nonprobability samples are used when random selection is not feasible.
- Convenience samples select participants who are readily accessible.
- Quota samples ensure a specific number of participants from each category.
Biases in Sampling
- Selection bias originates from the sampling method, which excludes certain parts of the targeted population.
- Non-response bias occurs when respondents who choose not to participate differ significantly from the overall population.
Data Coding
- Rows in a dataset represent observations.
- Columns represent different questions in the questionnaire.
- Each observation (row) contains responses to the questionnaire's items (columns).
- Data coding is essential to ensure meaningful interpretation and analysis.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
