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What is the difference between a disputed document and a questioned document?
What is the difference between a disputed document and a questioned document?
A disputed document suggests there is an argument or controversy over the content, while a questioned document is any document about which some issues have been raised or under scrutiny. A disputed document is always a questioned document, but a questioned document isn't always disputed.
What are some examples of questioned documents?
What are some examples of questioned documents?
Simple forgery involves an attempt to imitate a genuine signature.
Simple forgery involves an attempt to imitate a genuine signature.
False
What role does the 'value' of a document play in criminal investigations?
What role does the 'value' of a document play in criminal investigations?
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What are the three stages of handwriting development?
What are the three stages of handwriting development?
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Class characteristics refer to writing habits that are common to a specific group, such as a particular writing system or a professional group.
Class characteristics refer to writing habits that are common to a specific group, such as a particular writing system or a professional group.
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Individual characteristics in handwriting are personal habits not found in the writing of another person.
Individual characteristics in handwriting are personal habits not found in the writing of another person.
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What are some of the mechanical factors that can influence a person's handwriting?
What are some of the mechanical factors that can influence a person's handwriting?
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What are the physiological factors that can influence a person's handwriting?
What are the physiological factors that can influence a person's handwriting?
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Agraphis is the loss of the ability to write.
Agraphis is the loss of the ability to write.
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What are the four groups of muscles involved in handwriting?
What are the four groups of muscles involved in handwriting?
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What are the two kinds of muscles that help us write?
What are the two kinds of muscles that help us write?
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Manuscript handwriting is usually learned by school children who are just beginning to write.
Manuscript handwriting is usually learned by school children who are just beginning to write.
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Cursive handwriting is often learned earlier than manuscript handwriting.
Cursive handwriting is often learned earlier than manuscript handwriting.
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What is the main difference between 'Old Round Hand' and 'Modern Vertical' handwriting?
What is the main difference between 'Old Round Hand' and 'Modern Vertical' handwriting?
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Angular handwriting is characterized by letter 'o' connections being angular.
Angular handwriting is characterized by letter 'o' connections being angular.
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What are two of the primary purposes of handwriting examination?
What are two of the primary purposes of handwriting examination?
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Calligraphy is the art of beautiful handwriting, while Cacography is the art of bad handwriting.
Calligraphy is the art of beautiful handwriting, while Cacography is the art of bad handwriting.
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Study Notes
Questioned Document Examination
- Any material containing marks, symbols, or signs (visible or partially visible) that convey meaning, such as writing, typewriting, or printing on paper.
Etymology of "Document"
- Latin: "lesson" or "example"
- French: "to teach"
Legal Classification of Documents
Public Document
- Created, executed, or issued by a public official for public service.
- Includes instruments authorized by a notary public or other official, following legal requirements.
Official Document
- Issued by a public official within their official duties.
- A type of public document.
Private Document
- Executed by a private individual without a notary or legal authority.
- Used to prove, record, or evidence a transaction/agreement.
Commercial Document
- Defined and regulated by commercial law codes.
Questioned Document
- Any document where an issue is raised regarding its origin, authenticity, or alterations.
- Possible arguments/controversies over document content:
- Questioned Signatures
- Alleged Fraudulent Alterations
- Age/Date of the Document
- Materials Used in Production
- Questioned Handwriting (e.g., anonymous letters/threatening notes).
Classes of Disputed Documents
Forgery
- The process of creating, adapting, or imitating documents to deceive.
Simple Forgery
- Forged signature without copying an existing signature.
- Can include a fictional person's signature.
Traced Forgery
- Imitation of a signature by tracing over the original.
Simulated or Copied Forgery
- A freehand attempt to create a matching signature.
Alterations
- Modifications to a document (i.e., erasures, additions, substitutions)
Counterfeiting
- Producing fraudulent imitations of documents
- Determining whether documents are authentic or not.
Questioned Document Examination vs. Graphology
- Questioned Document Examination: Compares a document to known standards to determine how it was made or if it has been modified.
- Graphology: Analyzes handwriting to potentially associate it with personality traits.
Who Conducts the Examination?
- A Questioned Document Expert who has the proper education, training, and experience in handling these cases.
Purpose of a Questioned Document Expert
- Assure preparation for courts/tribunals.
- Provide specialized knowledge to judges/officials on document-related tasks.
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Description
This quiz explores the essential concepts of questioned documents, including their definitions, types, and legal classifications. Gain insights into the etymology of the term 'document' and its relevance in various legal contexts. Perfect for anyone interested in forensic analysis and legal documentation.
