Quasi-Experimental Research Methods
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What is the primary goal of using a treatment group in this design?

  • To have participants improve more than the control group (correct)
  • To ensure random assignment is used
  • To control for all possible confounding variables
  • To eliminate the need for pretests

    • What characterizes the Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Groups design?

  • It includes random assignment of subjects
  • Both groups only receive a posttest
  • Only a pretest is administered to both groups
  • A control group receives no treatment while the treatment group does (correct)

    • Which of the following is a limitation of this design regarding confounding variables?

  • It eliminates the effects of attrition
  • It accounts for both history and maturation effects
  • It randomly assigns participants to conditions
  • It is unable to completely control for all confounding variables (correct)

    • How does random assignment affect the nature of the experiment?

    <p>It makes the experiment a between-groups experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of steps in the treatment group of this design?

    <p>Pretest, treatment, then posttest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What quasi-experimental design is described as having the highest internal validity?

    <p>Switching Replication Design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in a One-Group Design?

    <p>A treatment manipulation occurs with no control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Switching Replication Design, what is typically introduced?

    <p>A treatment is implemented and then removed periodically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the One-Group Design?

    <p>It does not have a control group and measures the DV once.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Treatment Removal Design typically assess?

    <p>The influence of an independent variable before and after its removal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Switching Replication Design from traditional experimental designs?

    <p>It includes varying treatment phases that may alternate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are quasi-experimental designs with switching replication considered valid?

    <p>They can show changes in outcomes through repeated measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a One-Group Posttest Only Design differ from other designs?

    <p>There is no pretest; the dependent variable is measured after treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant limitation of the One-Group Posttest Only Design?

    <p>It lacks a control or comparison group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design, how many times is the outcome measured?

    <p>Twice, before and after the treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could influence the results of a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design due to the lack of counterbalancing?

    <p>Order effects from treatment administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group design includes measuring an outcome only once after treatment?

    <p>One-Group Posttest Only Design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are results from One-Group Posttest Only Designs often reported in the media?

    <p>These results are simple and straightforward to interpret.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design compared to other designs?

    <p>It measures the same group of participants twice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential result of the lack of a control group in One-Group Designs?

    <p>Unclear causal inferences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the one-group designs?

    <p>They can lead to questionable conclusions due to lack of comparisons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of control or comparison groups in a study?

    <p>They provide a standard against which the treatment group can be compared.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an alternative explanation for effects in a study?

    <p>Random assignment of participants to conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does regression to the mean refer to in experimental research?

    <p>The tendency for extreme scores to become less extreme over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about interrupted time series design?

    <p>It assesses the effects of an intervention over time with repeated measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a posttest only nonequivalent groups design, what occurs?

    <p>One group receives treatment while a similar group does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might spontaneous recovery indicate in a study?

    <p>Behavioral improvements might occur without intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue can arise from maturation in a study?

    <p>Changes in participant behavior unrelated to the treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does instrumentation affect a study?

    <p>It refers to changes in measurement tools or methods that can impact data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a multiple pretest posttest design allow researchers to do?

    <p>Analyze the effects of the treatment across multiple timepoints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern when interpreting findings from a single-group study?

    <p>The potential influence of maturation and other variables on results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do participants in the treatment group receive before the treatment?

    <p>A pretest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is used to assess the dependent variable without receiving a treatment initially?

    <p>Nonequivalent control group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the final assessment of the dependent variable conducted in the Switching Replication design?

    <p>It occurs after treatment removal from both groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the treatment in the Switching Replication design during the study?

    <p>It is first removed from one group and added to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pretest in both groups during the study?

    <p>To gather baseline data for comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Groups design, what follows the initial posttest?

    <p>A treatment removal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key components that participants need to provide in the Method section of a study?

    <p>Participants, materials, and procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical aspect is addressed in the Study Limitations and Future Research Directions section?

    <p>Limitations of the research and suggestions for future studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design?

    <p>A treatment is implemented before measuring the dependent variable twice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an Interrupted Time Series design defined?

    <p>A series of measurements over time are interrupted by a treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Non-Equivalent Groups Design, what is true about the two groups?

    <p>One group receives the treatment while the other does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of a Non-Equivalent Groups Design?

    <p>The groups may differ in important characteristics besides the treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the measurement intervals in an Interrupted Time Series design?

    <p>A fixed series of measurements both before and after a treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Posttest Only Non-Equivalent Groups design, when are measurements taken?

    <p>Only after the treatment has been completed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'nonequivalent groups' imply?

    <p>Groups differ in significant ways that may affect outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comparing groups in Non-Equivalent Groups Design?

    <p>To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Quasi-Experimental Research

    • Quasi-experimental research resembles true experiments but lacks essential components like control groups or random assignment
    • An independent variable (IV) is manipulated, but researchers cannot control for confounding variables
    • This type of research eliminates directionality problems but cannot address confounding variables
    • It is important to note there is no control group

    Types of Designs

    One-Group Designs

    • Posttest Only: Treatment is administered, followed by a single measurement of the dependent variable (DV)
    • Pretest-Posttest: The DV is measured before and after treatment administration
    • Interrupted Time Series: Repeatedly measures the DV over time, with the treatment occurring at a specific point

    Non-Equivalent Groups Designs

    • Posttest Only: Treatment and control groups measured once after treatment
    • Pretest-Posttest: A pre-test and post-test are administered to both the treatment and control groups
    • Interrupted Time Series: Repeated measurements of the DV in both groups before and after intervention
    • Pretest-Posttest with Switching Replications: Treatment is switched between groups, and repeated measures are taken
    • Switching Replication with Treatment Removal: Treatment is applied to one group, removed, and then applied to another group

    One-Group Posttest Only Design

    • This is the weakest quasi-experimental design
    • There's no control group for comparison
    • Findings are often reported in media

    One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design

    • Treatment is administered, and the DV is measured before and after
    • This design is similar to a within-subjects experiment but lacks counterbalancing
    • The lack of counterbalancing introduces the possibility of alternative explanations for pre-post differences

    Why Control/Comparison Groups are Important

    • History: External events affecting participants
    • Maturation: Changes within participants over time
    • Testing: The pre-test affecting post-test results
    • Instrumentation: Changes in how the DV is measured
    • Regression to the Mean: Extreme scores reverting toward the average
    • Spontaneous Remission: Improvement occurring naturally over time

    Interrupted Time Series Design

    • This design measures variables repeatedly before, during, and after treatment
    • Multiple pretest and posttests provide context

    Posttest Only Nonequivalent Groups Designs

    • One group receives treatment; the other doesn't
    • Researchers aim to create similar groups

    Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Groups Designs

    • Similar to posttest designs but includes pre-tests
    • Aim to show treatment group improves more than the control group

    Pretest-Posttest Design with Switching Replication

    • One group initially receives treatment, another doesn't
    • The treatment is then switched, allowing for comparison

    Switching Replication with Treatment Removal Design

    • Treatment is applied, then removed from one group and applied to another
    • Provides stronger findings about treatment's effectiveness

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    Lecture 9 Pscy 2900U Quasi-Experimental Research PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores quasi-experimental research designs, including one-group and non-equivalent group designs. It covers the key characteristics, advantages, and limitations of these methods, highlighting the absence of control groups and random assignment. Test your understanding of how these designs function in research.

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