Quarter 2 - Genetics

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Questions and Answers

Which term describes a testable statement that predicts the relationship between variables?

  • Theory
  • Variable
  • Hypothesis (correct)
  • Research Question

What part of the chemical equation CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 represents the substances that undergo a change?

  • Reactants (correct)
  • Yields
  • Products
  • Variables

Which of the following best describes valence electrons?

  • Electrons that are permanently stationary
  • Electrons involved in bonding (correct)
  • Electrons that have a neutral charge
  • Electrons that remain in the nucleus

On the pH scale, which of the following would be classified as a base?

<p>Sodium hydroxide (pH 14) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the ability to maintain stable internal conditions in an organism?

<p>Homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process refers to the movement of molecules into a cell through the cell membrane?

<p>Endocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of cellular respiration does the Krebs cycle take place?

<p>Citric acid cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the structure of the cell membrane?

<p>Phospholipid bilayer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a heterozygous genotype?

<p>It consists of one dominant and one recessive allele. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an organism with two identical alleles for a particular trait?

<p>Homozygous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Punnett square, what do the rows and columns typically represent?

<p>The alleles contributed by each parent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between codominance and incomplete dominance?

<p>Codominance expresses both alleles equally, while incomplete dominance results in a mix of alleles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a pedigree chart in genetics?

<p>It shows the likelihood of trait inheritance across generations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alleles

Alternative forms of a gene, responsible for variations in a trait.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a specific gene.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a specific gene.

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring based on the parents' genes.

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Codominance

A genetic inheritance pattern where both alleles are expressed, leading to a combined phenotype.

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Cell Theory

The theory stating that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells.

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Electron Microscope

A type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of a specimen, providing much higher resolution than a light microscope.

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Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing DNA and responsible for regulating cellular activities.

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Lysosomes

Organelles within eukaryotic cells that break down waste products and engulf foreign invaders, acting as the cell's recycling and defense system.

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Ribosomes

Organelles responsible for protein synthesis, translating genetic instructions from mRNA into proteins.

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Raw Data

The initial observations or measurements made during an experiment, before analysis or calculations.

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Hypothesis

A testable statement that predicts the relationship between variables in an experiment.

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Variable

Any factor that can change or be changed in an experiment.

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Theory

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, supported by a vast amount of evidence.

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Research Question

A question that guides scientific inquiry and investigation, often asking about the relationship between variables.

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Study Notes

Quarter 2 - Genetics

  • Alleles are different forms of a gene
  • Heterozygous means an organism has two different alleles for a particular gene
  • Homozygous means an organism has two identical alleles for a particular gene
  • Codominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygous genotype are fully expressed
  • Incomplete dominance occurs when the heterozygous phenotype is somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes
  • Diploid means cells contain two sets of chromosomes
  • Haploid means cells contain one set of chromosomes
  • A Punnett square is used to predict the probability of genotypes and phenotypes in offspring
  • A pedigree chart is used to track the inheritance of a trait across generations. The pedigree should be properly labeled and shaded in, and has 3 generations. It should include Punnett squares.

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