Quantum Numbers and Atomic Properties Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Has the greatest factor among the quantum numbers in determining the atomic radius?

Magnetic quantum number - ml; spatial orientation of orbital, pertains to charge (- or +)

Azimuthal quantum number - l; orbital angle and shape and angular momentum (spdf) OSAA

Principal quantum number - n; size (atomic radius) and overall energy PMS (correct)

Spin quantum number - ms; Magnetic moment/rotation (cw or ccw)

What is the Pauli's Exclusion Principle?

An atom cannot have 2 electrons in the same energy level or orbital that have the same set of quantum numbers - qn is unique (correct)

Electrons in an atom may differ by, at most, one of four quantum numbers

No two electrons in an atom may have the same principal quantum number

No more than 2 electrons may have the same set of quantum numbers

What property decreases from left to right, increases from top to bottom?

Electron affinity

Ionization energy

Electronegativity (correct)

Nonmetallic property

Metallic property

What property reflects how strongly an atom attracts a shared pair of electrons?

Electronegativity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes elements in the Periodic Table?

II, III, IV Signup and view all the answers

Which group is referred to as the Coinage?

Group 1B Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an alkaline earth metal?

Mg Signup and view all the answers

Which group is referred to as the Alkali Metals?

Group 1A Signup and view all the answers

Which elements are referred to as the Triads of Group 8?

I, II, IV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is the most electronegative?

F Signup and view all the answers

Arrange the elements according to increasing electronegativity.

F > Cl > Br > I Signup and view all the answers

Which halogen has the highest reactivity?

F Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is the most metallic?

I Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most acidic?

HI Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction: U + V + UV when U is added, where will the reaction shift?

Right Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following do not cause a shift in chemical equilibrium?

Catalyst Signup and view all the answers

Identify the Lewis acid in the equation: Cl- + BCl3 ⇌ BC14-

BCl3 Signup and view all the answers

If the ion product is greater than Ksp, the solution is:

Supersaturated Signup and view all the answers

All of the following statements about solubility are NOT TRUE, EXCEPT?

For many solids dissolved in liquid water, the solubility increases with temperature Signup and view all the answers

States that the entropy of a pure, crystalline solid at absolute zero temperature is zero.

Third law of thermodynamics Signup and view all the answers

The second law of thermodynamics deals with which state function?

Entropy Signup and view all the answers

The following are TRUE about acids & bases, EXCEPT:

According to Arrhenius, acids are proton donors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Quantum Numbers and Atomic Properties

Principal Quantum Number (n): Determines the size of the electron's orbital and its energy level. Higher n values correspond to larger orbitals and higher energy levels.
Azimuthal Quantum Number (l): Describes the shape of the electron's orbital and its angular momentum. Values range from 0 to (n-1).
- l = 0, 1, 2, and 3 correspond to s, p, d, and f orbitals, respectively.
Magnetic Quantum Number (ml): Specifies the orientation of the orbital in space, and determines the number of orbitals within a subshell. Values range from -l to +l, including 0.
Spin Quantum Number (ms): Represents the intrinsic angular momentum of an electron, often referred to as "spin". Values are either +1/2 or -1/2, representing the direction of spin.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
This means each electron in an atom has a unique set of quantum numbers.

Periodic Trends

Ionization Energy increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom within a group. It's the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom.
Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom within a group. It measures an atom's ability to attract electrons in a bond.
Atomic Radius decreases from left to right across a period and increases from top to bottom within a group. It's the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron.
Electron Affinity generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom within a group. It's the energy change when an electron is added to a neutral, gaseous atom to form a negative ion.
Metallic Character increases from top to bottom within a group and decreases from left to right across a period. It's the tendency of an element to lose electrons and form positive ions.

Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium

Le Chatelier's Principle: When a change of condition is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system will shift in a direction that relieves the stress.
Shifting Equilibrium:
- Adding reactants shifts the equilibrium to the right, favoring product formation.
- Adding products shifts the equilibrium to the left, favoring reactant formation.
Catalyst: A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without being consumed, but doesn't affect equilibrium position.

Acid-Base Chemistry

Arrhenius Theory: Acids produce H+ ions in solution, bases produce OH- ions.
Brønsted-Lowry Theory: Acids donate protons (H+), bases accept protons.
Lewis Theory: Acids accept electron pairs, bases donate electron pairs.

Solubility and Thermodynamics

Solubility: The maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature.
Factors Affecting Solubility:
- Temperature (increased temperature generally increases solubility for solids, decreases for gases)
- Pressure (increased pressure increases gas solubility)
- Polarity (like dissolves like)
Solubility Product (Ksp): The equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a sparingly soluble ionic compound.
- If the ion product (Q) is less than Ksp, the solution is unsaturated.
- If Q equals Ksp, the solution is saturated.
- If Q is greater than Ksp, the solution is supersaturated, and precipitation will occur.
Thermodynamics: The study of energy transformations in physical and chemical processes.
Laws of Thermodynamics:
- First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
- Second Law: The entropy of an isolated system always increases over time. Entropy is a measure of disorder.
- Third Law: The entropy of a perfect crystalline solid is zero at absolute zero temperature (0 Kelvin).

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Description

Test your understanding of quantum numbers and their significance in atomic properties. This quiz covers the Principal, Azimuthal, Magnetic, and Spin Quantum Numbers, as well as the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Challenge yourself with questions that explore the fundamental aspects of atomic structure.