Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a significant goal of research design in quantitative studies?
What is a significant goal of research design in quantitative studies?
- To enhance subjective experiences of participants
- To promote flexibility in interpreting results
- To minimize bias in obtaining answers to research questions (correct)
- To maximize bias in data collection
What are inclusion and exclusion criteria used for in research?
What are inclusion and exclusion criteria used for in research?
- To develop intervention protocols
- To determine the eligibility of individuals for the population (correct)
- To ensure the research design is structured
- To control the variables of the research study
During which step of the research process is the sampling plan designed?
During which step of the research process is the sampling plan designed?
- Identifying the population (correct)
- Specifying methods to measure variables
- Developing methods to safeguard subjects
- Selecting a research design
What does the population refer to in the context of research?
What does the population refer to in the context of research?
Which step involves developing protocols that specify the details of interventions in research?
Which step involves developing protocols that specify the details of interventions in research?
What is the role of eligibility criteria in research studies?
What is the role of eligibility criteria in research studies?
In which phase do researchers finalize the research plan?
In which phase do researchers finalize the research plan?
In research studies, what typically characterizes quantitative designs?
In research studies, what typically characterizes quantitative designs?
What is one key requirement for children to be eligible for the study?
What is one key requirement for children to be eligible for the study?
What is the primary goal of a sampling plan?
What is the primary goal of a sampling plan?
Which of the following is an example of nonprobability sampling?
Which of the following is an example of nonprobability sampling?
What is a characteristic of probability sampling?
What is a characteristic of probability sampling?
What is one advantage of sampling in quantitative research?
What is one advantage of sampling in quantitative research?
Which of the following statements about nonprobability sampling is true?
Which of the following statements about nonprobability sampling is true?
Why is careful sampling important in research?
Why is careful sampling important in research?
Which option describes the concept of strata in sampling?
Which option describes the concept of strata in sampling?
What is the primary characteristic of quota sampling?
What is the primary characteristic of quota sampling?
Which sampling method involves collecting all individuals from a defined group over a specific time period?
Which sampling method involves collecting all individuals from a defined group over a specific time period?
In purposive sampling, how are participants selected?
In purposive sampling, how are participants selected?
What describes snowball sampling most accurately?
What describes snowball sampling most accurately?
What defines simple random sampling?
What defines simple random sampling?
What is the purpose of a sampling frame in research?
What is the purpose of a sampling frame in research?
Which of the following best describes purposive sampling's use in the context provided?
Which of the following best describes purposive sampling's use in the context provided?
What is the primary purpose of Cochran's formula in survey research?
What is the primary purpose of Cochran's formula in survey research?
What population size was included in the study of adherence to foot self-care in Brazil?
What population size was included in the study of adherence to foot self-care in Brazil?
If the confidence level is set at 95%, what is the corresponding Z-value to be used in Cochran's formula?
If the confidence level is set at 95%, what is the corresponding Z-value to be used in Cochran's formula?
What value is typically used for the population proportion (p) if it is unknown?
What value is typically used for the population proportion (p) if it is unknown?
What margin of error (e) corresponds to a 5% error in Cochran's formula?
What margin of error (e) corresponds to a 5% error in Cochran's formula?
How many respondents would a researcher need for a large population to ensure reliable and statistically significant results, assuming a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%?
How many respondents would a researcher need for a large population to ensure reliable and statistically significant results, assuming a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%?
What can be inferred if a researcher decides to use a proportion (p) of 0.5 in Cochran's formula?
What can be inferred if a researcher decides to use a proportion (p) of 0.5 in Cochran's formula?
What does Cochran's formula primarily focus on to yield reliable results?
What does Cochran's formula primarily focus on to yield reliable results?
Which of the following best describes an example of a situation where Cochran's formula would be applicable?
Which of the following best describes an example of a situation where Cochran's formula would be applicable?
What is a primary goal of qualitative research?
What is a primary goal of qualitative research?
At what point is data saturation considered achieved in qualitative research?
At what point is data saturation considered achieved in qualitative research?
Which qualitative research method typically requires a smaller sample size, around 5-10 participants?
Which qualitative research method typically requires a smaller sample size, around 5-10 participants?
What is one factor that influences sample size in qualitative research?
What is one factor that influences sample size in qualitative research?
How many participants are typically required for a grounded theory study?
How many participants are typically required for a grounded theory study?
What type of qualitative research could involve long-term study of a small number of participants to immerse in their culture?
What type of qualitative research could involve long-term study of a small number of participants to immerse in their culture?
Which statement best describes the general trend in sample sizes for qualitative research studies?
Which statement best describes the general trend in sample sizes for qualitative research studies?
In a case study methodology, how many cases might a researcher typically focus on?
In a case study methodology, how many cases might a researcher typically focus on?
Study Notes
Population and Sample in Quantitive and Qualitative Research
- Quantitative and Qualitative research have different approaches to selecting a sample.
- Quantitative research uses Probability Sampling which allows for random selection of elements from a population, giving researchers more confidence in generalizing findings.
- Qualitative research uses Nonprobability Sampling where random selection is not the focus, making it more exploratory and less focused on generalizability.
Selecting and Defining the Population
- Researchers define the population to be studied by outlining a set of eligibility criteria:
- Inclusion criteria: specifies the characteristics someone must have to be included in the study.
- Exclusion criteria: specifies the characteristics someone should have to be excluded from the study.
Specifying a Sampling Plan
- Samples are subsets of a population.
- Strata, divisions of a population based on characteristics, can be used for sampling.
- Sampling plan specifies how the sample will be selected and how many subjects are needed.
- The goal is to have a sample that adequately reflects the population's traits.
Importance of Sampling in Quantitative Research
- Generalizability: Well-designed samples allow researchers to apply findings from the sample to the entire population studied.
- Cost-effectiveness: Sampling is often more practical and cost-effective than studying the entire population.
- Accuracy: Careful sampling minimizes bias, improving the validity of research results.
Nonprobability Sampling Methods
- Convenience Sampling: Selecting the most conveniently available people as participants.
- Quota Sampling: Researchers identify population strata and figure out how many people are needed from each stratum
- This method attempts to ensure the sample reflects the population's known characteristics.
- Consecutive Sampling: Recruiting all people from an accessible population over a specific time interval or for a specified sample size.
- Purposive Sampling: Researchers use their knowledge about the population to handpick sample members.
- Snowball Sampling: Early participants in the sample are asked to identify and refer other people who meet the eligibility criteria.
Probability Sampling Methods
- Simple Random Sampling: The most basic of the probability sampling plans.
- randomly selecting elements from a sampling frame.
- Sampling Frame is a list of every member of the population.
Sample Size for Qualitative Research
- The determination of sample size is based on the purpose of the study.
- Qualitative research uses Data Saturation which is achieved when no new information or themes are emerging from the data.
- Data saturation can occur between 5 to 30 participants.
- Types of Qualitative Research and their typical sample sizes:
- Phenomenology: 5-10 participants
- Grounded Theory: 20-30 participants or more
- Ethnography: Can vary widely, but fewer participants are studied intensively over a long period.
- Case Study: 1-5 cases, with detailed analysis of each case.
Cochran Formula
- Cochran's formula can help in calculating the required sample size for survey research.
- This formula considers the confidence level, estimated population proportion, and margin of error.
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Description
This quiz explores the key differences between quantitative and qualitative research sampling methods. It goes into detail about probability and nonprobability sampling as well as how researchers define the population and eligibility criteria for studies. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts in research methodology!
