Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?
Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?
- Frequency of events
- Number of students in a class
- Group size
- Temperature readings (correct)
Why are ratio measurements significant?
Why are ratio measurements significant?
- They are only applicable to categorical data.
- They can be negative only.
- They contain a true zero value. (correct)
- They include arbitrary numbers.
Which of these represents a discrete variable?
Which of these represents a discrete variable?
- Height
- Temperature
- Number of cars in a parking lot (correct)
- Age
What is a key guideline for creating an effective research title?
What is a key guideline for creating an effective research title?
Which type of variable is defined by categories rather than numbers?
Which type of variable is defined by categories rather than numbers?
What does the term 'interval' in levels of measurement imply?
What does the term 'interval' in levels of measurement imply?
What should be avoided in a research title to maintain clarity?
What should be avoided in a research title to maintain clarity?
What is the first step in developing a research topic?
What is the first step in developing a research topic?
What is the primary objective of true experimental research?
What is the primary objective of true experimental research?
Which characteristic of quantitative research ensures that results can be applied to a larger population?
Which characteristic of quantitative research ensures that results can be applied to a larger population?
In what scenario is quasi-experimental research most suitable?
In what scenario is quasi-experimental research most suitable?
What does the term 'replicability' imply in quantitative research?
What does the term 'replicability' imply in quantitative research?
Why is objectivity an important characteristic of quantitative research?
Why is objectivity an important characteristic of quantitative research?
What does the Null Hypothesis (Ho) propose?
What does the Null Hypothesis (Ho) propose?
Which type of quantitative research is characterized by the lack of randomization due to practical constraints?
Which type of quantitative research is characterized by the lack of randomization due to practical constraints?
Which type of hypothesis indicates the expected direction of a relationship?
Which type of hypothesis indicates the expected direction of a relationship?
What is a characteristic of a Simple Hypothesis?
What is a characteristic of a Simple Hypothesis?
What is a key strength of quantitative research?
What is a key strength of quantitative research?
What is the purpose of an Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)?
What is the purpose of an Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)?
Which of the following types of quantitative research involves examining the relationship between two or more groups?
Which of the following types of quantitative research involves examining the relationship between two or more groups?
What type of hypothesis formulation is only used in quantitative research?
What type of hypothesis formulation is only used in quantitative research?
Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the study?
Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the study?
What are the personal limitations that can affect research?
What are the personal limitations that can affect research?
What distinguishes the theoretical framework from the conceptual framework?
What distinguishes the theoretical framework from the conceptual framework?
Which statement is true regarding the beneficiaries of the study?
Which statement is true regarding the beneficiaries of the study?
Which of the following best characterizes the scope of a study?
Which of the following best characterizes the scope of a study?
What is a common example of a theoretical framework?
What is a common example of a theoretical framework?
What does the conceptual framework primarily consist of?
What does the conceptual framework primarily consist of?
Which limitation involves external factors that may impact validity?
Which limitation involves external factors that may impact validity?
What is the maximum number of words allowed in a research title?
What is the maximum number of words allowed in a research title?
Which of the following should NOT be included in a research title?
Which of the following should NOT be included in a research title?
What should be done if a research title is too lengthy?
What should be done if a research title is too lengthy?
Which element is important for justifying a research paper?
Which element is important for justifying a research paper?
What is a common requirement for the presentation of nouns in a research title?
What is a common requirement for the presentation of nouns in a research title?
What does 'research gap' refer to in the context of a research study?
What does 'research gap' refer to in the context of a research study?
When should the year of a study be included in the research title?
When should the year of a study be included in the research title?
Which of the following is a necessary component of the hypothesis in research?
Which of the following is a necessary component of the hypothesis in research?
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Study Notes
Unit 1: Quantitative Research
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True Experimental Research: Aims to establish cause-effect relationships through randomized samples.
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Quasi-Experimental Research: Similar to experimental research but lacks randomization due to ethical or practical constraints.
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Characteristics of Quantitative Research:
- Controllability: Conducted in a controlled environment identifying all variables.
- Generalizability: Findings from a larger sample are useful for the entire population.
- Objectivity: Data is measurable using structured instruments.
- Replicability: Research can be repeated by others yielding similar outcomes.
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Strengths and Weaknesses: Offers insights into variable relationships, influencing decisions in various fields. Innovations often stem from quantitative studies.
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Types of Quantitative Research:
- Descriptive
- Comparative
- Correlation
- True Experimental
- Quasi-Experimental
Unit 1: Variables in Quantitative Research
- Definition of Variables: A variable is an element that can take on various values.
- Types of Variables:
- Numerical Variable: Can be measured (includes discrete and continuous).
- Discrete Variables: Countable (ex: number of students).
- Continuous Variables: Measurable with fractional values (ex: height, temperature).
- Categorical Variable: Descriptive, non-numeric categories.
- Numerical Variable: Can be measured (includes discrete and continuous).
Unit 2: Designing Research
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Steps to Develop Research Topic:
- Choose a broad, interesting, significant, and relevant topic.
- Conduct preliminary research.
- Define the problem and refine the question.
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Research Title Guidelines:
- Offer an accurate description of the study's subject and scope.
- Limit title length to 5-15 words, ensuring clarity and relevance.
- State in declarative form without unnecessary phrases and abbreviations.
- Include independent and dependent variables, locale, and respondents.
Unit 2: Background of the Study
- Elements of the Background:
- Explains the context and significance of the research.
- Includes a theoretical framework and conceptual framework.
- Clearly states the problem, hypothesis, significance of the study, and scope limitations.
Unit 2: Significance of the Study
- Purpose: Justifies the study's relevance to stakeholders; identifies benefits and beneficiaries.
Unit 3: Research Frameworks
- Theoretical Framework: Anchors studies in existing theories that connect findings to underlying knowledge.
- Conceptual Framework: Represents the beliefs and ideas supporting the research.
Hypothesis Definitions
- Hypothesis: A testable prediction expressing a potential relationship between variables.
- Null Hypothesis (Ho): Indicates no relationship exists between independent and dependent variables.
- Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): Proposes a possible relationship; tested when the null hypothesis is rejected.
- Types of Hypothesis:
- Directional Hypothesis: Specifies the nature of the relationship (increase/decrease).
- Non-Directional Hypothesis: Does not specify the relationship type.
Types of Research Hypothesis
- Categories include:
- Simple
- Complex
- Empirical
- Logical
- Statistical
- Null
- Alternative
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