Quantitative Research Types Quiz

A research method used to test theories by studying relationships between variables.

Identifying relationships between two variables, measuring the strength and direction of association.

Examining cause-and-effect relationships between variables; the change in one variable causes the change in another.

A statistical measure of how two variables are related.

A relationship where a change in one variable directly causes a change in another.

Collecting measurable data with standardized instruments, using statistical analysis.

Examining the existence, magnitude, and direction of associations between variables.

Correlation shows a relationship but doesn't prove one variable causes the other. Causation shows a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

A study that examines the cause and effect relationships between variables. It aims to determine if a change in one variable directly causes a change in another.

A study examining the relationship between a food ingredient (cause) and the rate of decay of a food sample (effect). The goal is to understand how adding more of the ingredient influences the rate of decay.

Causal research in chemistry is used to conduct experiments. A change in the quantity of one substance (cause) is observed to see how it affects the characteristics of another substance (effect).

Survey research uses questionnaires and focuses on identifying relationships between variables, while experimental research aims to establish cause and effect. Experiments use treatments or interventions to see if they cause a change.

Experimental research uses the cause-and-effect logic to see if a treatment or intervention causes an effect. It involves manipulating variables to observe the outcome.

A research method using questionnaires to collect data from a sample of individuals, aiming to understand a specific population.

A survey that collects data from a sample at a single point in time, offering a snapshot of the population at that moment.

A survey that gathers data from the same sample repeatedly over time, allowing researchers to track changes and trends.

The overall group of individuals with similar characteristics that a researcher is interested in studying.

A smaller, representative group selected from the population to participate in a survey.

The tool used to gather information in a survey, usually in the form of a questionnaire with closed-ended questions.

Questions in a survey that provide pre-determined answer choices, aiming for consistency and easy analysis of data.

Typical categories of information collected in surveys, focusing on how people act, their beliefs, and their personal traits.

The steps taken in an experiment, including how participants are assigned to groups, what interventions are used, and how data is collected.

The treatment or action applied to the experimental group in an experiment.

A group in an experiment that does not receive the intervention, used as a baseline for comparison.

Assigning participants to groups randomly to ensure that groups are similar at the start of the experiment.

An experiment with both experimental and control groups, where participants are randomly assigned to groups, allowing for strong causal conclusions.

An experiment with only an experimental group, without a control group, making it difficult to draw strong conclusions.

An experiment with an experimental group and a control group, but participants are not randomly assigned, making it more difficult to determine causation.

Participants in an experiment divided into two groups: the experimental group receives the treatment, while the control group does not.

The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

The variable that is measured to see how it is affected by the independent variable.

The measurement taken before the intervention is applied to assess the baseline of the dependent variable.

The treatment or manipulation applied to the experimental group.

The measurement taken after the intervention to see how the dependent variable has changed.

The process of interpreting the results of the experiment to understand the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Experimental research uses a controlled environment to test if changes in one variable (cause) directly impact another variable (effect).

To identify cause-and-effect relationships between variables by testing how specific interventions or manipulations affect outcomes.

Experimental research involves: 1. Participants (who receive a treatment or not), 2. Variables (what is manipulated and what is measured), 3. Procedures (step-by-step process), 4. Data & Analysis.

Experimental research is used across many disciplines like medicine, chemistry, biology, psychology, political science, economics, and more.

Examples include testing vaccine effectiveness, studying crystal formation speed, exploring fertilizer effects on crops, and understanding psychological phenomena.

Identify if a relationship between two things demonstrates a mere correlation or a cause-and-effect relationship.

Correlation: More hours of sunshine, more ice cream sales (both happen, but one doesn't cause the other). Causation: More fertilizer, bigger crops (the fertilizer directly impacts plant growth).

Quantitative research also includes survey research which looks for relationships between variables, but doesn't manipulate them like experimental research does.