Quantitative Research Sampling Techniques

<p>When few or no closely related studies exist, or when the research topic is not directly related to established theory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine if the meta-analysis used appropriate methods for identifying and combining studies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selecting a topic and key terms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A primary source presents original research, while a secondary source summarizes and analyzes multiple primary sources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probability sampling and non-probability sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified random sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A personal opinion on the study's relevance to the researcher's own research problem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The same likelihood as all other members of the population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The selection of participants based on their availability or convenience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The situation where a randomly selected participant declines to participate in the research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By randomly selecting naturally occurring groups, then randomly selecting individuals from those groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the most efficient technique for recruiting participants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The margin of error decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They don't accurately represent the wider population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify participants who can provide the most informative insights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choosing participants who are highly unusual or outliers in the population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that the research problem is original and has not been investigated before. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By offering insights into how others have defined the problem and identified relevant variables. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect the current research with existing knowledge and theories. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing a new theory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By identifying if a new theory is being proposed or an existing one is being used. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reference section of a primary source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It identifies and discusses a topic without detailed analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal opinions of the researcher (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive measures assess skills, while non-cognitive measures assess attitudes and beliefs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow for nuanced responses on a scale. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of question wording on respondents' answers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexibility in follow-up questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It combines quantitative and qualitative approaches for broader insights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relies on small, non-random samples which affect generalizability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to subjective interpretations by the observer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It guarantees that data collected is representative and findings are generalizable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applied research concerns itself with practical problems rather than theory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementing changes and assessing outcomes in a particular context. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants are fully informed and voluntarily agree to partake. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure ethical standards are upheld before research begins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greek words meaning 'child' and 'to guide'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semantic meanings and expressive quality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As integrally connected without differentiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversational interview (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conciseness and completeness of the description (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The search for meaning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interpretation and understanding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between parts and the whole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By shifting focus to existential questions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals referred to as participants or subjects in research.

The collective group of individuals from whom data are collected.

Sampling where each member has a known chance of selection, aiming for representation.

Extent of deviation in repeated samples from the population.

Sampling method where each member has an equal chance of being selected.

Sampling method ensuring subgroups are proportionally represented.

Method where groups are randomly selected first, then individuals are chosen.

Issue when randomly selected participants do not complete the research.

Both methods lack representativeness of the general population.

Participants are chosen deliberately to provide in-depth information for the research question.

A method in qualitative research where unique or atypical cases are selected for study.

Combining distinct sampling methods like stratified purposeful sampling and concurrent sampling.

Participants should be well-described with detailed information and free from bias.

To relate previous research and theory to the problem being investigated.

Shows how current studies compare to previous investigations to place the research problem correctly.

Literature review helps by defining the problem and clarifying concepts through past studies.

Identifies gaps in existing research to avoid duplication.

Examines methods of past studies to suggest improvements.

Gives an opportunity to design research that resolves conflicts.

Use when related research is scarce to support hypotheses.

Primary sources present original research; secondary sources analyze primary research.

Quantitative synthesis of studies to calculate overall effects.

Easier organization of research notes after article review.

Include a study summary, analysis, and relevance to research problem.

Combines quantitative and qualitative approaches for comprehensive insights.

Small, non-random samples limit generalizability to larger populations.

Ensures data is representative and findings are generalizable.

Applied research solves practical problems; basic research expands theoretical knowledge.

Improving practices and outcomes within a specific institution or context.

Participants must be informed about the study and agree voluntarily, ensuring ethical integrity.

Maintains privacy and avoids harm or discomfort to participants.

Review research proposals to ensure ethical standards are upheld before data collection begins.

Semantic meanings and expressive quality in texts.

Subject and object are not seen as separate entities.

Steps: interview, write descriptions, formulate questions, revise.

Concise yet complete representation of groups and individuals.

Finding meaning is the most challenging part.

Interpretation and understanding are the two main branches.

The iterative relationship between whole and parts for understanding.

Merging interpreters' perspective with text context.

The reference section of a primary source is a good place to find additional articles.

A thematic review identifies and discusses a topic without detailed individual study analysis, common in qualitative reviews.

Adequate coverage, citation of findings, up-to-date info, organization by topic are key evaluation criteria.

Cognitive measures assess knowledge and reasoning, while non-cognitive measures assess attitudes and behaviors.

Norm-referenced tests compare a person's performance to a group, while criterion-referenced tests measure against a specific standard.

Likert scales measure attitudes or opinions on a range, structured with scale points like 'Strongly Agree' to 'Strongly Disagree'.

Response bias refers to systematic patterns of deviation in responses from the truth, which can be controlled through careful questionnaire design.

Structured interviews follow a strict format while unstructured interviews are more conversational and flexible.