Questions and Answers
What is the minimum sample size recommended according to Roscoe (1975)?
What are the four basic techniques for sample size determination?
Using a census for small populations, using a sample size of a similar study, using published tables, using formulae to calculate sample size.
A sample is a smaller but hopefully representative collection of units from a ______.
population
Which of the following is NOT a type of study design in quantitative research?
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What are the issues that need to be considered when selecting a sample?
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Probability sampling guarantees a representative sample.
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Which sampling method includes Simple Random, Stratified Random, Cluster, and Systematic?
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To gather data about the population in order to make an inference that can be generalized to the ______.
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Name one ethical consideration in data collection.
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Match the following sampling methods with their characteristics:
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Study Notes
Quantitative Research Design
- Quantitative research involves structured methods to collect and analyze numerical data.
- Crucial components: study design, population definition, sample size, sampling method, data collection, quality assurance, data analysis, and ethical considerations.
Study Design
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Observational Studies: Research based on observing subjects.
- Descriptive: Includes case reports, case series, cross-sectional studies, and ecological studies.
- Analytic: Involves cohort and case-control studies.
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Experimental Studies: Involves direct manipulation and testing.
- Clinical trials: Test treatments on patient groups.
- Field trials: Conducted in real-world settings.
- Community trials: Examines public health interventions in communities.
Sample Size Determination
- Recommended range: sample size should exceed 30 and typically be under 500 for most studies.
- Minimum sample size should be at least 30% of the population.
- Factors influencing sample size: confidence level, standard deviation, margin of error, and population size.
- Evaluation of variance, previous studies, and precision is essential for accurate sample determination.
Techniques for Sample Size Determination
- Use a census for small populations.
- Reference a similar study for sample size.
- Consult published tables for guidance.
- Apply statistical formulas to calculate required sample size.
Sampling Techniques
- Definition: Sampling involves selecting individuals for a study to represent a larger population.
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Stages in Selection:
- Define the target population.
- Choose a sampling frame (list of units in the population).
- Decide between probability and non-probability sampling methods.
- Plan sample selection procedure and determine its size.
- Execute the selection and conduct fieldwork.
Key Concepts in Sampling
- A sample is a subset intended to accurately reflect the characteristics of the entire population.
- Representation: Ensures that the sample effectively mirrors the population.
- Generalization: Indicates whether the study's results can be applied beyond the sample group.
- Sampling Error: Risk that the selected sample does not accurately represent the population.
Sampling Methods
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Probability Sampling (better for representing the population):
- Simple random sampling: Everyone has an equal chance of selection.
- Stratified random sampling: Divides population into subgroups before sampling.
- Cluster sampling: Involves selecting entire groups and then sampling within them.
- Systematic sampling: Selection at regular intervals from a random start.
Ethical Considerations
- Ensures integrity and trustworthiness in data collection and reporting.
- Prioritizes informed consent and minimizes harm to participants.
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Description
Test your knowledge on quantitative research design and its crucial components. This quiz covers study design types, sample size determination, and important ethical considerations. Discover your understanding of observational and experimental studies along with their methodologies.
