Questions and Answers
What is the primary aim of quantitative research?
Which of the following accurately describes qualitative research?
What is the primary characteristic required for conducting a cohort study?
Which study design is especially valuable when little is known about a phenomenon?
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What is a characteristic feature of cross-sectional studies?
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What type of study design is most appropriate for measuring the effectiveness of a program?
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What distinguishes oral history from other study designs?
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Which of the following best describes the approach of qualitative research?
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In qualitative research, what is the primary goal of focus groups?
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What is a key characteristic of participant observation as a research method?
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Which type of study involves the least number of contacts with study participants?
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What is the primary function of using the before-and-after study design?
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Which of the following is not a common design used in qualitative research?
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Quantitative research places a greater emphasis on which of the following?
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What is typically the outcome of a cohort study?
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Which method involves obtaining consent from group members before observing their activities?
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What is the primary purpose of a longitudinal study design?
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Which study design focuses on the outcomes of a phenomenon likely to occur in the future?
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What is a potential issue with the longitudinal study design?
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What does a retrospective study design primarily rely on?
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What distinguishes a retrospective-prospective study design from the others?
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Which study design should be employed to understand how phenomena have changed over time?
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Why might a researcher choose a longitudinal study design over a cross-sectional design?
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What is a characteristic feature of trend studies?
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Study Notes
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
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Quantitative Research: Structured methodology aimed at quantifying variations in phenomena and measuring variables objectively.
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Focuses on analytical communication of findings to draw generalizable conclusions.
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Qualitative Research: Emphasizes understanding diverse human experiences such as feelings and perceptions through flexible inquiry.
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Prioritizes descriptive narratives over measurement, with a reduced emphasis on generalizations.
Study Design in Quantitative Research
- Two principal factors in study design: number of contacts with the study population and the reference period.
Number of Contacts with the Study Population
- Cross-Sectional Studies: Analyze a snapshot in time to ascertain prevalence of an issue. Involves a single contact.
- Before-and-After Studies: Assess the impact of an intervention by comparing data collected before and after the event.
- Longitudinal Studies: Collect data from the same population over time to observe trends and changes. Requires multiple contacts, can vary in intervals.
Reference Period of the Study
- Retrospective Study Design: Investigates past phenomena using available data or respondents' recollections.
- Prospective Study Design: Focuses on predicting future phenomena by establishing potential outcomes based on interventions.
- Retrospective-Prospective Study Design: Combines historical data collection with future monitoring to examine trends over time.
Other Designs in Quantitative Research
- Online Surveys: Efficiently gather data from broad populations via digital platforms.
- Trend Studies: Analyze changes in attitudes or phenomena over time through multiple observation points.
- Cohort Studies: Examine a population subgroup sharing a common characteristic (e.g., year of graduation) for longitudinal insights.
Study Designs in Qualitative Research
- Four primary qualitative study designs include case studies, oral history, focus groups, and participant observation.
Case Study
- In-depth exploration of a specific instance or group to gain a holistic understanding of phenomena where limited knowledge exists.
Oral History
- A method of collecting data through personal accounts and experiences, focusing on individual perceptions and historical narratives.
Focus Groups/Group Interviews
- Facilitate discussions among participants to explore collective insights on issues, products, or services through the researcher’s prompts.
Participant Observation
- Researcher engages with a group to observe interactions and dynamics, recording detailed observations with consent from group members.
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Description
Test your understanding of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. This quiz covers key concepts, study designs, and the differences between these two approaches. Explore terms like cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies to enhance your knowledge in research design.
