FPM Week 11 - Quality and Closing
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of modern quality management?

  • Prevention over inspection (correct)
  • Quantity over quality
  • Inspection over prevention
  • Cost reduction over quality

What is the definition of 'quality' according to ISO 9000:2000?

  • The total cost spent on meeting customer requirements
  • The ability to meet stakeholder expectations
  • The value of a product compared to its competitors
  • The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements (correct)

Which quality management principle emphasizes continuous improvement through a cycle of planning, doing, checking, and acting?

  • Conformance to requirements
  • Inspection and validation
  • Plan-Do-Check-Act (Kaizen) (correct)
  • Fitness for use

In quality management, what is the main goal of using enterprise environmental factors?

<p>To understand external standards and regulations that affect quality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the Cost of Quality (COQ)?

<p>Marketing costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cost incurred to ensure a product or service conforms to its specifications known as?

<p>Appraisal cost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of failure cost involves costs related to warranties and replacements?

<p>External failure cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quality tool is also known as a fishbone diagram?

<p>Cause-and-effect diagram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a control chart in quality management?

<p>To determine whether a process is in or out of control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the seven-run rule indicate when analyzing control charts?

<p>When seven data points in a row are all above or below the mean, the process needs examination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of quality management, what does 'fitness for use' mean?

<p>The product can be used as intended by the customer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quality tool is used to prioritize issues based on their frequency?

<p>Pareto chart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of quality cost includes training and documenting processes?

<p>Prevention cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of scope validation?

<p>To formally accept completed project deliverables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key activity during project closure?

<p>Transitioning project deliverables to operations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between quality and grade?

<p>Quality refers to meeting requirements, while grade refers to different levels of technical characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quality tool helps visualize the logical flow of processes?

<p>Flowchart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cost of non-conformance' include?

<p>Costs related to internal and external failures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diagram is used to determine if there is a correlation between two variables?

<p>Scatter diagram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key goal of quality assurance in a project?

<p>To ensure quality standards are followed throughout the project (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using a check sheet?

<p>To collect and organize data about defects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of quality management focuses on involving every team member in the quality process?

<p>Employee empowerment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'management responsibility' in the context of quality management?

<p>Management must provide the necessary resources to achieve quality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about closing a project is true?

<p>Closing a project includes archiving documents and releasing resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which closing method involves integrating the project's outcome into the organization’s operations?

<p>Integration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Pareto chart help identify in quality management?

<p>The most significant factors contributing to a problem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of conducting a post-project closeout meeting?

<p>To review project success and gather lessons learned (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the 'extinction' project closure method?

<p>The project is terminated because it is complete (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quality tool uses a graphical representation to understand how different factors affect a process?

<p>Cause-and-effect diagram (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'starvation' in the context of project closure?

<p>The project is stopped due to reduced funding or resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a flowchart primarily used for in quality management?

<p>Documenting the sequence of activities in a process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'acceptance criteria' refer to in quality management?

<p>The requirements that must be met for deliverables to be accepted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cost is associated with the activities to assess the quality of processes and products?

<p>Appraisal cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a final report in project closure?

<p>To review lessons learned and summarize project performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Design for X' refer to in quality management?

<p>Optimizing a product design for a specific aspect, such as reliability or cost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of quality cost includes rework and waste?

<p>Internal failure cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In project closure, why is it important to complete lessons learned documentation?

<p>To prevent similar mistakes in future projects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a histogram represent in quality management?

<p>A distribution of variables in the form of bars (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quality concept refers to how exact measurements are and how close they are to each other?

<p>Precision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of audits during project closure?

<p>To ensure compliance with organizational policies and standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of project closure occurs when the project creates a new product or unit?

<p>Addition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'cost of quality'?

<p>The sum of costs to ensure conformance to requirements and costs resulting from failure to meet requirements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quality tool helps identify the root cause of a problem by repeatedly asking 'why'?

<p>Cause-and-effect diagram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'definition of done' in an adaptive project?

<p>The criteria that must be met for a product to be considered complete (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process formally signifies that the project or a project phase is complete?

<p>Scope validation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diagram can be used to monitor process variations over time?

<p>Control chart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of conducting a closeout meeting?

<p>To gather feedback from stakeholders and review project performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of quality costs, which of the following would be considered an 'external failure'?

<p>Product recalls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important step in ensuring successful project closure?

<p>Archiving project documents for future reference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quality tool is used to categorize and rank issues based on their significance?

<p>Pareto chart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is quality according to ISO 9000:2000?

The ability to fulfill requirements, focusing on the inherent characteristics of a product or service.

Prevention over Inspection

A fundamental quality management principle that prioritizes preventing defects before they occur, rather than detecting them after production.

What does the PDCA cycle stand for?

A cyclical process that continuously improves a product or service through planning, doing, checking, and acting on the results. It's a key aspect of quality management.

Enterprise Environmental Factors

External factors that influence quality management, including regulations, customer expectations, and market trends.

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What does COQ stand for?

A cost classification framework that analyzes the financial impacts of quality, including prevention, appraisal, and failure costs.

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Prevention Costs

Costs incurred to prevent defects from happening in the first place.

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Appraisal Costs

Costs associated with evaluating and assessing the quality of products or services.

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Internal Failure Costs

Costs resulting from internal failures, such as rework or scrap.

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External Failure Costs

Costs associated with external failures, such as warranty claims or product recalls.

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What is a Cause-and-Effect diagram?

A visual tool used to identify the root causes of problems by arranging potential causes in a 'fishbone' diagram.

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What are Control Charts used for?

Statistical charts used to monitor processes over time to identify if they are in control or out of control.

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What is the Seven-Run Rule?

A rule used with control charts stating that if there are seven consecutive data points that fall on the same side of the mean, it may indicate a shift in the process.

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What do Flowcharts do?

Diagrams that visually represent the steps involved in a process, facilitating workflow documentation and analysis.

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What do Pareto Charts help with?

Charts that prioritize issues based on their frequency or impact on quality, adhering to the Pareto principle (80/20 rule).

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Fitness for Use

A measure of a product's capability to meet the customer's intended use, going beyond simply meeting specifications.

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Scope Validation

The formal process of verifying that the project deliverables meet the agreed-upon acceptance criteria.

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What is a Final Report?

A document that summarizes the project's performance, including achievements, challenges, and lessons learned.

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Project Closure

The formal acceptance of completed project deliverables, marking the transition of project outputs into operations.

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What is the purpose of Quality Assurance?

The objective of quality assurance is to ensure that the defined quality standards are consistently followed throughout the project lifecycle.

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Acceptance Criteria

Requirements that a deliverable must meet to be considered acceptable by stakeholders.

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Cost of Non-Conformance

Costs associated with both internal and external failures, arising from not meeting quality standards.

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Extinction

The termination of a project once it is complete and all deliverables are accepted.

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Integration

The process of integrating project outcomes into ongoing operations and ensuring their continuity.

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Lessons Learned

The process of analyzing past projects to identify lessons learned, which can help prevent future mistakes and improve project success.

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What is Precision?

The consistency of repeated measurements, indicating how closely they cluster together.

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What is Accuracy?

The closeness of a measurement to the true or desired value.

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Audits during Project Closure

Formal assessments conducted at project closure to check compliance with defined policies and standards.

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What does the Cost of Quality (COQ) encompass?

Includes expenses related to maintaining quality standards and costs associated with failures when requirements aren't met.

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What is the '5 Whys' technique used for?

A root cause analysis technique that involves asking why a problem occurred repeatedly, up to five times, to delve deeper into the underlying cause.

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What is Process Closure?

The formal completion of a project phase, signified by scope validation to ensure all requirements have been satisfied.

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Study Notes

Quality Management Principles

  • Fundamental principle emphasizes prevention over inspection to enhance quality.
  • ISO 9000:2000 defines quality as the ability to fulfill requirements, focusing on inherent characteristics.
  • Continuous improvement is represented by the Plan-Do-Check-Act (Kaizen) cycle.

Enterprise Environmental Factors

  • Used to understand external standards and regulations that impact quality.

Cost of Quality (COQ)

  • Includes prevention, appraisal, and failure costs, but not marketing costs.
  • Appraisal cost ensures products meet specifications.
  • External failure costs cover warranties and replacements.

Quality Tools

  • Cause-and-effect diagram (fishbone diagram) identifies root causes of problems.
  • Control charts monitor if processes are in or out of control.
  • Seven-run rule suggests examining processes when seven consecutive points deviate from the mean.
  • Flowcharts visualize the sequence of processes, helping document workflows.
  • Pareto charts prioritize issues based on their significance in quality management.

Fitness for Use

  • Defined as a product's ability to be used as intended by the customer, beyond just meeting specifications.

Project Closure

  • Formal acceptance of completed deliverables occurs during scope validation.
  • Key activity includes transitioning project outputs to operations.
  • The final report summarizes project performance and lessons learned, essential for documentation.

Quality Assurance Goals

  • Ensures quality standards are adhered to throughout the project lifecycle.

Definitions and Techniques

  • Acceptance criteria are requirements that deliverables must meet for acceptance.
  • Cost of non-conformance entails costs related to both internal and external failures.
  • Extinction refers to project termination once complete, while integration means merging project outcomes into operations.

Lessons Learned

  • Documenting lessons from past projects is crucial for preventing repeated mistakes in future initiatives.

Measurement Concepts

  • Precision focuses on the consistency of measurements, while accuracy refers to how closely they align with desired values.

Audits in Project Closure

  • Conduct audits to ensure compliance with established policies and standards during project closure.

Quality Costs Overview

  • The cost of quality includes expenses to ensure conformance to requirements, as well as costs from failures when requirements aren't met.

Root Cause Analysis

  • The "5 Whys" technique is employed to drill down to the root cause of issues by repeatedly asking why a problem occurs.

Project Phase Completion

  • Process closure is formally signified by scope validation, confirming that all requirements have been met satisfactorily.

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Description

Test your understanding of modern quality management principles with this engaging quiz. Explore definitions and principles according to ISO standards, focusing on the importance of prevention over inspection. Ideal for students and professionals in quality management.

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