Quality Management Chapter 24

False (B)

A quality plan defines a plan for a project by setting out the quality goals for the project and defining what processes and standards are to be used.

<p>At the project level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encapsulation of best practice, Framework for defining quality, Continuity of knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Product Standards &amp; Process Standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software quality, simplistically, means that a product should meet its specification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fitness for Purpose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functionality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Define Process, Develop Product, Assess Quality, Improve Process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quality managers aim to develop a 'quality culture' where everyone responsible for software development is committed to achieving a high level of product quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agile methods don't scale well for large projects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software measurement focuses on deriving a numeric value for an attribute of a software product or process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predicting product attributes &amp; Controlling the development process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inspection checklists are used to drive the inspection by providing a list of common errors that should be checked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weaker type checking requires larger checklists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Code reviews (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signing off on reviewed software or documents signifies that progress to the next development stage has been approved by management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agile software development teams often practice 'pair programming', where two developers work together to write code. This ensures that all code is constantly being examined, helping to reduce errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pair programming helps ensure that all code is constantly being reviewed and examined, leading to a deeper understanding of the program for both programmers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty in finding experienced pairs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple Teams (B), Long-Lived Systems (C), Customer Expectations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software analytics aims to empower software development individuals and teams to understand data and derive insights from it to make better decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited access to open-source repositories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software analytics provides an automated analysis of large amounts of software product and process data, revealing relationships that can offer valuable insights to project managers and developers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>The quality team should be independent from the development team so that they can take an objective view of the software. This allows them to report on software quality without being influenced by software development issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove salt and pepper impulse noise, to provide smoothing of other noise that may not be impulsive, and to reduce distortion such as excessive thinning or thickening of object boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Customer quality requirements focus on factors like efficiency, reliability, and usability. Developer quality requirements focus on aspects like maintainability and reusability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fitness for purpose means that the software fulfills its designated purpose effectively, even if it may not strictly conform to all aspects outlined in the specifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-functional characteristics such as reliability and performance significantly impact the user's experience. If the software is unreliable or slow, it becomes highly challenging for users to effectively achieve their goals even if the functionality is seemingly adequate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>International, national, organizational, project (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software standards encapsulate best practices to avoid past mistakes, provide a framework for defining what quality means within an organization, and promote continuity by enabling new staff to understand the organization's standards and processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ISO 9001 is an international set of standards used for developing quality management systems across various industries, including software development. It provides a framework for establishing organizational standards and processes that contribute to high-quality software production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reviews and inspections are quality assurance activities that assess project deliverables, but differ in their focus and approach. Reviews generally examine parts or all of a process or system alongside its documentation to identify potential problems. Inspections, on the other hand, are specifically aimed at discovering anomalies and defects within the source code, often conducted as peer reviews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The software review process encompasses three key phases: Pre-review activities, the review meeting, and post-review activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agile quality management is informal, relies on establishing a quality culture, and opposes the bureaucratic nature of standards-based processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves programmers conducting code reviews with other members of the team to identify and resolve issues before checking the code into the build system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pair programming involves two programmers collaborating on the same code, providing a constant review and knowledge sharing. This deepens understanding and promotes early detection of bugs. However, it can lead to mutual misunderstandings, reluctance to find errors, and compromised working relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agile methods, with minimal documentation, may not be suitable for large, external customer projects requiring formal communication and reporting. Similarly, handling geographically distributed teams and long-lifetime systems with frequent team transitions can pose challenges due to the lack of comprehensive documentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A software metric is a quantifiable measurement related to a software system, process, or documentation. It allows for the quantification of software and its related processes. By using metrics, we can predict product attributes such as maintainability, and control the software development process by identifying areas that need adjustment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dynamic metrics are collected during the execution of a program, directly measuring performance and reliability aspects like response time and number of failures. Static metrics, on the other hand, are calculated from the software's static representations. They assess attributes like complexity, maintainability, and understandability by examining the code structure and relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difficulties with implementing software measurement in businesses include the lack of a clear return on investment for establishing a measurement program, the lack of standardized metrics and processes, and the inconsistency of software processes. Also, most development focuses on code-based metrics, neglecting other aspects, and introducing measurement further adds overhead to existing processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software measurements and metrics form the foundation of empirical software engineering. This research area uses experiments and real-world data to validate hypotheses about software engineering methods and techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software analytics involves analyzing software-related data to empower software developers and managers. It helps gain insights and make better decisions by leveraging automated analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software analytics enables better decision-making by leveraging automated data collection and analysis, providing insights from user data and open-source repositories. It empowers developers and managers to gain a deeper understanding of software behavior and make informed improvements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software analytics tools should be user-friendly, generate concise outputs rather than overwhelming amounts of information, and be capable of performing extensive measurements across multiple parameters. They should also be interactive to allow for exploration and further analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immaturity of software analytics, reliance on data from large companies, and the high cost of data collection systems for smaller companies all hinder its adoption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software quality management ensures high-quality software with minimal defects, adhering to standards of maintainability, reliability, and portability. Standards represent a compilation of best practices and provide a solid foundation for developing high-quality software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software reviews involve teams who check if quality standards are being followed during the development process. They are a widely used technique for assessing the quality of software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Program inspections or peer reviews involve a small team systematically examining the code for errors, omissions, and potential problems. These inspections help ensure code quality and identify issues early in the development process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agile quality management emphasizes creating a quality-focused culture where the development team works together. This collaborative approach aims to continuously improve the software quality through collective effort and shared responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Product quality metrics help highlight anomalous software components that might have quality problems, enabling a more focused analysis on those specific areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software analytics leverage automated analysis of large volumes of software and process data to expose potential patterns and relationships. These insights can inform better decisions by project managers and developers in areas such as product development, resource allocation, and risk mitigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A systematic approach that ensures the software meets its specified level of quality, including functionality, reliability, performance, and maintainability.

Focuses on establishing organizational processes and standards that lead to high-quality software.

Involves applying specific quality processes within a project and ensuring they are followed consistently.

A detailed document that outlines the quality goals of a project, specifies assessment methods, and defines important quality attributes.

The overall quality of a software product is influenced by the quality of the development processes used to create it.

Building a company culture where all team members are committed to achieving high-quality software.

Formal guidelines or rules that define the required attributes of a product or process.

A systematic process where a team reviews software documents or code to identify potential issues or defects.

A formal peer review process where engineers carefully examine the source code of a software system to identify defects and anomalies.

A type of review that focuses specifically on the conformity of a software product to organizational standards.

A predefined list of common errors that should be checked during inspections or reviews.

Involves gathering numeric data related to a software product or process to obtain objective comparisons.

A specific measurement related to software system, process or documentation.

A type of software metric that is associated with the software itself, providing insights into the product's quality characteristics.

A type of software metric that is associated with the development process, providing insights into how well the process is functioning.

A collection of metrics focused on object-oriented software, allowing for the measurement of complexity, cohesion, and coupling in object-oriented designs.

A measure of the complexity of a class, factoring in the complexity of its methods.

A metric that measures the depth of the inheritance hierarchy in an object-oriented design.

A metric that measures the number of immediate subclasses of a class.

A metric that measures the degree to which classes are interconnected and dependent on each other.

A metric that measures the number of methods that could potentially be executed in response to a message received by an object of a class.

A metric that measures the cohesion of methods within a class, evaluating how closely related they are.

A process of gathering and analyzing data from software products and processes to gain insights into their performance and quality.

The process of analyzing software data to identify patterns, trends, and anomalies that can inform decision-making in software projects.

An approach to quality management that emphasizes a collaborative and iterative approach, with a strong focus on customer feedback and continuous improvement.

Working together in pairs to write code, providing immediate feedback and code reviews throughout the development process.

A set of principles and guidelines that aim to improve software quality by fostering a culture of continuous improvement, collaboration, and open communication within the development team.

A process of examining the source code of a software system to detect and fix bugs before the code is integrated into a larger system.

A practice where developers ensure that no new code changes break the overall functionality of the system during the development cycle.

A principle where developers actively address any issues or potential problems they discover in the code, even if it wasn't written by them.

The process of reconstructing or recovering a degraded image to improve its quality.

A process that modifies an image to enhance its visual appearance for the human eye.

Image restoration aims to objectively reconstruct the original image, while image enhancement focuses on subjective improvements for human perception.

The function that describes how an image is degraded. It can represent blurring, noise, or other distortions.

Noise that is randomly added to an image during acquisition or transmission.

A degraded image that results from applying the degradation function and additive noise to the original image.

An estimate of the original image obtained through restoration techniques. It aims to be as close as possible to the original.

The process of removing noise from an image, often using spatial domain filters.

The process of reducing blur from an image, often using frequency domain filters.

A representation of the degradation function in the spatial domain, where pixels are directly manipulated.

A mathematical operation where two signals are combined to produce a third signal, reflecting the interaction between them.

A mathematical representation of an image in the frequency domain, showing the distribution of frequencies within the image.

A type of noise that follows a Gaussian distribution, exhibiting a bell-shaped curve.

A type of noise that follows a Rayleigh distribution, often found in radar signals.

A type of noise that follows a Gamma distribution, often found in astronomical images.

A type of noise that follows an exponential distribution, often found in communication channels.

A type of noise where all values are equally likely within a specific range.

A type of noise characterized by randomly scattered white and black pixels, resembling salt and pepper.

The probability of a pixel being corrupted into a specific gray level. For salt and pepper noise, it represents the probability of a pixel becoming white or black.

A type of digital image filter that operates directly on the pixel values of an image.

A type of filter that operates on the frequency representation of an image.

A type of filter that uses the order of pixel values to perform operations. Examples include minimum, maximum, and median filters.

A type of filter that adapts its behavior based on local characteristics of the image. This allows for better noise removal and detail preservation.

A filter that replaces the pixel value with the median of its surrounding neighborhood, effectively smoothing noise and preserving edges.

A median filter that adapts its window size based on local image characteristics. It is particularly effective for removing salt and pepper noise.

A filter that replaces the pixel value with the average of its surrounding neighborhood, This can blur edges and reduce details in the image.

A filter that applies a weighted average to surrounding pixels, where weights correspond to a Gaussian function. It smooths noise while preserving edges more effectively than a mean filter.

A set of mathematical operations that perform specific manipulations on images, often for noise removal and shape analysis.

A filter that compares a pixel to its surrounding neighborhood and uses similar patches to estimate its true value. It is effective for removing noise while preserving fine details.

The process of identifying the type of noise corrupting an image based on the probability distribution of pixel values.

A test image widely used to demonstrate the effect of various noise models. It contains distinct features for visually inspecting the noise.

A method for estimating the original image when only noise is present. It often involves spatial filtering techniques.

A filter that operates on the pixel values of an image to reduce noise, including order-statistics and adaptive filters.

Filters that utilize the order of pixel values to determine the output, such as minimum, maximum, and median filters.

A filter designed to find the minimum value within a neighborhood and reduce salt noise, often used for highlighting dark areas.

A filter designed to find the maximum value within a neighborhood and reduce pepper noise, often used for highlighting bright areas.

Filters that modify their behavior based on local image characteristics, adapting to varying noise levels and details.

An adaptive median filter that seeks to remove impulse noise while preserving details and smoothing non-impulse noise.

The neighborhood or region of pixels surrounding a target pixel used by filtering operations.

The minimum gray level value within the mask region.

The maximum gray level value within the mask region.

The median gray level value within the mask region.

The gray level value at the specific coordinates (x, y).

The maximum allowed size of the mask region during adaptive filtering.