Qualitative vs Quantitative Research
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of qualitative research?

  • To generalize findings to larger populations.
  • To create statistical models for predictions.
  • To provide detailed insights into experiences and meanings. (correct)
  • To test hypotheses and measure variables.

    • Which method is primarily used in quantitative research?

  • Focus groups
  • Interviews
  • Ethnography
  • Surveys (correct)

    • What type of data does qualitative research primarily focus on?

  • Numerical statistics
  • Mathematical calculations
  • Graphs and charts
  • Observations and images (correct)

    • What is a key strength of quantitative research?

    <p>Minimizes researcher bias through measurable data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a weakness of qualitative research?

    <p>Data collection can be time-consuming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of quantitative research?

    <p>Breadth and generalization of findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of analysis is commonly used in qualitative research?

    <p>Thematic analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the result of qualitative research?

    <p>Offers detailed insights into complex phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant weakness of qualitative research?

    <p>Weak in generalizing findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is included in the IMRaD structure of a research article?

    <p>Methodology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes primary research?

    <p>Conducting experiments and surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does empirical research prioritize?

    <p>Measured phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of secondary research?

    <p>Use of existing datasets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of research involves interpreting data to provide insights?

    <p>Concluding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes a major drawback of relying on structured research methods?

    <p>They limit adaptability to new findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of research ethics focuses on protecting participants from harm?

    <p>Care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ontology in research primarily investigate?

    <p>What exists or can be studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes positionality in research?

    <p>The influence of a researcher's background and biases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT considered a data collection technique in research?

    <p>Literature reviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of ethical research requires safeguarding participants' identities?

    <p>Confidentiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common ethical challenge faced when conducting research with vulnerable groups?

    <p>Minimizing risks of potential harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall approach that categorizes qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods?

    <p>Methodology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle emphasizes transparency and honesty in research practices?

    <p>Honesty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of interpretivism that distinguishes it from positivism?

    <p>Emphasis on subjective reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a criticism of interpretivism?

    <p>Results may not be generalisable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data collection is commonly associated with interpretivist research?

    <p>Interviews and participant observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the strengths of positivism in research?

    <p>Generalisability of findings to broader populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might positivism struggle when researching social dynamics?

    <p>It overlooks cultural influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary reasons why positionality matters in research?

    <p>It builds accountability by ensuring transparency in representing participants' voices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an insider perspective from an outsider perspective in research?

    <p>Insiders share the culture or background of participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with pragmatism as a research lens?

    <p>It promotes a purely theoretical approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common criticism of integrating multiple research methods in pragmatism?

    <p>It risks prioritizing practicality over theoretical depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Critical Theory primarily function as a research paradigm?

    <p>By critiquing power structures and advocating for social change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a strength of using Critical Theory in education research?

    <p>It amplifies voices of marginalized groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a question for reflexivity that researchers should consider?

    <p>What method will guarantee the highest funding?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following critiques is commonly associated with Critical Theory?

    <p>It can be perceived as overly politically driven.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research perspective focuses on the objective measurement of reality?

    <p>Positivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Mixed Methods Research?

    <p>It integrates both qualitative and quantitative perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methodology is most aligned with using qualitative methods to challenge power dynamics?

    <p>Critical Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which research approach is knowledge viewed as emerging from understanding context and meanings?

    <p>Qualitative Research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the epistemological stance of Interpretivism emphasize?

    <p>Interpretation of individuals' lived experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the primary goal of research within a Pragmatic framework?

    <p>To seek practical solutions to specific problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Critical Theory in research?

    <p>Analyzing power relations and advocating for change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the focus of Quantitative Research?

    <p>Testing hypotheses through measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Critical Theory as a research approach?

    <p>To analyze power structures and advocate for change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methodology is associated with Interpretivism?

    <p>Qualitative methods focused on context and understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reality does Positivism believe exists?

    <p>Independent of human perception and objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which research approach is the ontology defined as reality being shaped by social constructs?

    <p>Interpretivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT commonly associated with Pragmatism?

    <p>Critical discourse analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the epistemology of Quantitative Research primarily based on?

    <p>Observable and measurable phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is typically NOT used in Qualitative Research?

    <p>Experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research perspective emphasizes that reality is shaped by social, political, and economic structures?

    <p>Critical Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used in Mixed Methods Research?

    <p>A combination of qualitative and quantitative strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the epistemological stance of Positivism?

    <p>Knowledge is acquired through observation and measurement of objective facts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research paradigm emphasizes the use of qualitative methods to analyze marginalized experiences?

    <p>Critical Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methodological approach uses qualitative methods to analyze power structures?

    <p>Critical Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary epistemological stance of Positivism in research?

    <p>Knowledge is derived from observable phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of reality does Interpretivism propose?

    <p>Reality is socially constructed and subjective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which methodology are both qualitative and quantitative methods appreciated for understanding complex phenomena?

    <p>Mixed Methods Research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of research is knowledge primarily based on statistical and numerical analysis?

    <p>Quantitative Research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research paradigm primarily focuses on the experiences of individuals within their contexts?

    <p>Interpretivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the ontology related to Interpretivism?

    <p>Reality is dynamically constructed from social contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What methodology is primarily used in Critical Theory for analyzing structures of power?

    <p>Case studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of Pragmatism in research methodology?

    <p>Choosing methods based on what is most effective for the research problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method is commonly associated with Mixed Methods Research?

    <p>Focus groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important characteristic of Pragmatism as a research approach?

    <p>It focuses on practical outcomes based on context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ontology is primarily associated with Quantitative Research?

    <p>Reality is independent of human perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect distinguishes qualitative research from quantitative research?

    <p>Qualitative research explores experiences and meanings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is most commonly associated with qualitative research?

    <p>Focus groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is typical of qualitative research?

    <p>It captures context within its findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of analysis is most likely to be used in quantitative research?

    <p>Statistical analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following outcomes is typically associated with qualitative research?

    <p>Detailed insights into complex phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does qualitative research typically adapt during the research process?

    <p>It improvises based on initial findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal focus of quantitative research?

    <p>Measuring quantities, frequencies, or relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable weakness of quantitative research?

    <p>It simplifies complex phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research type involves collecting data directly from the source?

    <p>Primary Research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key component of a research article explains the significance of findings?

    <p>Discussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of research focuses on the systematic investigation of a specific topic?

    <p>Research Methodology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a characteristic of empirical research?

    <p>It collects data from observed and measured phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary challenges when conducting quantitative research?

    <p>Maintaining objectivity in experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limitation of using qualitative research methods?

    <p>It is difficult to generalize findings from qualitative studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements accurately reflects the relationship between qualitative and quantitative research?

    <p>Quantitative research is strong in generalizability, while qualitative research excels in exploring depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of interpretivism that contrasts with positivism?

    <p>Focuses on subjective reality and social constructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does positivism primarily aim to produce in research findings?

    <p>Generalizable findings applicable to larger populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common criticism of interpretivism?

    <p>It relies on overly descriptive analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does interpretivism generally gather data?

    <p>By employing interviews and participant observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does positivism typically overlook in its research approach?

    <p>Cultural influences on behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the ethical principle of confidentiality in research?

    <p>Participants' identities should not be shared or identifiable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of research methodologies, which approach refers specifically to the techniques used to collect data?

    <p>Methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of informed consent in research entail?

    <p>Participants should understand the research and provide voluntary agreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a key challenge when conducting research with vulnerable populations?

    <p>Ensuring participants are not harmed during research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does epistemology relate to the process of research?

    <p>It examines what constitutes knowledge and how it is validated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of researcher positionality in qualitative research?

    <p>It influences how researchers interpret findings based on personal background.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best captures the importance of ethical research?

    <p>It protects the rights of participants and enhances the credibility of research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of selecting appropriate methodologies in research design?

    <p>It determines how effectively the research questions can be answered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary strength of pragmatic research?

    <p>It encourages creativity and adaptability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an insider perspective differ from an outsider perspective in research?

    <p>An outsider offers a fresh, objective perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of combining multiple methods in pragmatic research?

    <p>It can lead to conflicting findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does Critical Theory primarily address in educational research?

    <p>The examination of power structures and inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one essential question researchers should consider for reflexivity?

    <p>How might my identity impact the research process?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does positionality play in research?

    <p>It highlights the researcher's biases and influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of pragmatism as a research paradigm?

    <p>Allowing the research question to dictate methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a limitation of Critical Theory?

    <p>It may lack generalizability in findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Qualitative Research

    • Explores experiences, meanings, and understanding
    • Data is non-numerical (words, images, observations)
    • Methods include interviews, focus groups, observations
    • Approach is subjective and interpretive
    • Focuses on context and depth of information
    • Analysis uses thematic, narrative, or content analysis
    • Outcome provides detailed insights into complex phenomena
    • Example: Understanding personal experiences of grief
    • Summary: Qualitative research explores "why" and "how"
    • Strengths: Deep understanding, contextual focus, flexibility
    • Weaknesses: Time-consuming, subjectivity, limited generalizability

    Quantitative Research

    • Tests hypotheses, measures variables, and examines relationships
    • Data is numerical (statistics, numbers)
    • Methods include surveys, experiments, and questionnaires
    • Approach is objective and scientific
    • Focuses on breadth and generalization of findings
    • Analysis uses statistical or mathematical analysis
    • Outcome provides generalizable findings about populations
    • Example: Measuring the percentage of people experiencing grief
    • Summary: Quantitative research measures "what," "how much," or "how often"
    • Strengths: Objective and reliable, generalizable, statistical analysis, tests relationships
    • Weaknesses: Lacks context, inflexibility, simplifies complex phenomena, expensive tools

    Research Types

    • Primary Research: Involves collecting original data directly from the source (e.g., interviews, surveys, experiments)
    • Secondary Research: Uses existing data like books, articles, and statistics(e.g., analyzing government reports)
    • Empirical Research: Focuses on observed and measured phenomena, typically using structured methods like experiments and observations

    Research Structure (IMRAD)

    • Introduction: Explains the research's background and objectives, discussing relevant theoretical frameworks or prior studies
    • Methodology: Details how the study was conducted, including tools, techniques, and processes
    • Results: Presents findings, often as statistical data or qualitative insights
    • Discussion: Analyzes findings, explains significance, and suggests implications for future research or practice

    Research Ethics

    • Key Principles: Care, honesty, confidentiality, informed consent
    • Purpose: Protects participants, promotes well-being, maintains transparency, and ensures ethical research practices.
    • Challenges: Working with vulnerable groups (children, refugees, disabled) requires additional care and consent protocols. Best Practices (e.g., BERA Guidelines) include minimizing risks, obtaining consent, avoiding stereotyping, and transparency.

    Researcher Positionality

    • Factors that influence research: background, beliefs, biases, social identity (gender, race, class, religion), and cultural context.
    • Importance of acknowledging positionality: Recognizing how perspectives can shape interpretations, building accountability, ensuring transparency, and strengthening relationships with participants.
    • Insider vs. Outsider Perspectives: Understanding that researchers may share similar cultural or background perspectives as participants or may be from different cultures and backgrounds, allowing for different perspectives, insights, and experiences.

    Research Paradigms

    • Pragmatism: A research paradigm that focuses on solving practical problems, flexibly using a mix of methods (qualitative and quantitative), heavily reliant on the research question
    • Critical Theory: Aims to uncover power structures, inequality, and oppression; applies to social change and focuses on marginalization. It is applied to education by examining how policies or systems disadvantage certain groups (e.g., racial bias, gender inequality)
    • Interpretivism: Focuses on understanding how individuals perceive and interpret their experiences- often associated with qualitative methods
    • Positivism: Emphasizes objective, measurable truths, employing scientific methods to identify universal laws governing behaviour; often linked to quantitative methods

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    Description

    This quiz examines the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Explore their unique characteristics, methods, strengths, and weaknesses to understand how they contribute to different fields of study. Test your knowledge on the significance of context in qualitative research versus the objectivity of quantitative methods.

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