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Questions and Answers
What is a key focus of narrative analysis in understanding identity?
What is a key focus of narrative analysis in understanding identity?
What characterizes the data collection method used in narrative analysis?
What characterizes the data collection method used in narrative analysis?
What type of structure is generally followed during narrative interviews?
What type of structure is generally followed during narrative interviews?
Which element is least likely to be a focus of thematic analysis in narrative analysis?
Which element is least likely to be a focus of thematic analysis in narrative analysis?
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In the research example mentioned, what was the main focus of the narrative interviews conducted with survivors of sexual assault?
In the research example mentioned, what was the main focus of the narrative interviews conducted with survivors of sexual assault?
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What is the primary purpose of using participatory photography or 'photovoice' in research?
What is the primary purpose of using participatory photography or 'photovoice' in research?
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Which qualitative data collection method is most commonly used for in-depth understanding?
Which qualitative data collection method is most commonly used for in-depth understanding?
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What is a key characteristic of semi-structured interviews?
What is a key characteristic of semi-structured interviews?
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How should a topic guide for qualitative research be constructed?
How should a topic guide for qualitative research be constructed?
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What does triangulation refer to in mixed methods research?
What does triangulation refer to in mixed methods research?
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What is the purpose of piloting a topic guide in qualitative research?
What is the purpose of piloting a topic guide in qualitative research?
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Which of the following exemplifies an experiential orientation in qualitative studies?
Which of the following exemplifies an experiential orientation in qualitative studies?
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When designing a semi-structured interview, what should the researcher prioritize?
When designing a semi-structured interview, what should the researcher prioritize?
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What is typically used to collect data regarding people's experiences during a trial?
What is typically used to collect data regarding people's experiences during a trial?
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What should be assessed in a service before deciding what interventions can be reviewed or changed?
What should be assessed in a service before deciding what interventions can be reviewed or changed?
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Which of the following methods is NOT commonly associated with qualitative research?
Which of the following methods is NOT commonly associated with qualitative research?
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What approach to ethnography has changed in current practice?
What approach to ethnography has changed in current practice?
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Which type of data method does NOT fall under verbal methods in qualitative research?
Which type of data method does NOT fall under verbal methods in qualitative research?
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What is a defining characteristic of qualitative research compared to quantitative research?
What is a defining characteristic of qualitative research compared to quantitative research?
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Which of the following methodologies is NOT mentioned as a framework within qualitative research?
Which of the following methodologies is NOT mentioned as a framework within qualitative research?
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Which aspect is prioritized in qualitative research methodology?
Which aspect is prioritized in qualitative research methodology?
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Which of the following best describes the type of data produced in qualitative research?
Which of the following best describes the type of data produced in qualitative research?
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What is the primary approach of qualitative research?
What is the primary approach of qualitative research?
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In qualitative research, which of the following is a common methodology?
In qualitative research, which of the following is a common methodology?
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Which of the following best characterizes the analysis methods in qualitative research?
Which of the following best characterizes the analysis methods in qualitative research?
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What is the primary focus of qualitative research as opposed to quantitative research?
What is the primary focus of qualitative research as opposed to quantitative research?
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What is a primary focus of conversation analysis in language-based approaches?
What is a primary focus of conversation analysis in language-based approaches?
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Which type of data does conversation analysis primarily use?
Which type of data does conversation analysis primarily use?
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What is a key feature of the detailed transcripts used in language-based analyses?
What is a key feature of the detailed transcripts used in language-based analyses?
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Foucauldian Discourse Analysis deals primarily with which of the following?
Foucauldian Discourse Analysis deals primarily with which of the following?
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Why is detailed transcription important in language analysis?
Why is detailed transcription important in language analysis?
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What is the analytical focus of discourse analysis?
What is the analytical focus of discourse analysis?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding conversation analysis in healthcare settings?
Which of the following statements is true regarding conversation analysis in healthcare settings?
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In the example paper mentioned, what is the main topic being addressed?
In the example paper mentioned, what is the main topic being addressed?
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What is a key characteristic of the outputs from thematic analysis?
What is a key characteristic of the outputs from thematic analysis?
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What should the analytic commentary in thematic analysis include?
What should the analytic commentary in thematic analysis include?
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What was noted by participants who experienced reductions in their medication?
What was noted by participants who experienced reductions in their medication?
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How did some participants describe their experience of reducing medication doses?
How did some participants describe their experience of reducing medication doses?
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What was a significant impact of the reduction process for some participants?
What was a significant impact of the reduction process for some participants?
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What aspect of their self-concept did some participants begin to differentiate during medication reduction?
What aspect of their self-concept did some participants begin to differentiate during medication reduction?
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Which of these statements reflects a common sentiment among participants when faced with low medication doses?
Which of these statements reflects a common sentiment among participants when faced with low medication doses?
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What type of data extracts should be included in a thematic analysis?
What type of data extracts should be included in a thematic analysis?
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Study Notes
Qualitative Research Methods
- Qualitative research is a broad umbrella term
- Critical realism is an epistemological framework
- Epistemological frameworks provide philosophical underpinnings
- Phenomenology focuses on lived experiences
- Social constructionism highlights socially constructed realities
- Qualitative methodologies prioritize meaning, complexity, and subjectivity in social contexts
- Inductive approaches draw conclusions from specific observations
- Researcher reflexivity involves acknowledging researcher's influence on the research
Key Differences Between Quantitative and Qualitative Research
- Quantitative: Starts with specific hypotheses, uses numbers, focuses on generalizable predictions, aims for objectivity, and employs fixed analysis methods (statistics).
- Qualitative: Starts with broad research questions, uses words, seeks to understand context-dependent meanings, acknowledges personal perspectives, and utilizes flexible analysis methods.
Qualitative Research and Public and Patient Involvement (PPI)
- Qualitative research often overlaps with PPI in mental health research, both emphasizing lived experiences.
- PPI seeks to remove hierarchies and emphasizes the expertise of respondents.
- Researchers can begin with broad questions and narrow their focus based on lived experiences.
Qualitative Approaches in Mental Health Research
- Experiential or lived-experience focus
- In-depth verbal data (interviews, blogs, social media)
- Mental health conditions and issues are central
- Photo-voice, narrative, and similar methods are used
- "External" factors like social issues and treatments are also integral
Informing Development
- Qualitative research guides interventions and service enhancements to better meet needs
- Iterative intervention design integrates respondent feedback during development
Evaluation
- Qualitative research assesses treatments, interventions, or services on effectiveness.
- Experiences of staff and patients using services are evaluated.
- Feasibility, acceptability, and implementation within services are also assessed
Overview of Qualitative Methods
- Qualitative research often involves generating and analyzing non-numerical or linguistic data using methods like interviews, focus groups, observations, ethnography, open-ended surveys, blogs, social media, and visual methods.
- Analyzing pre-existing data like blogs, social media posts, or policy documents is part of qualitative research.
Overview of Qualitative Methods
- Common Features: Generate and analyze non-numerical data, usually linguistic
- Common Methods: Interviews, Focus Groups, Observations.
Qualitative Data Collection
- Semi-structured Interviews: Studies with an experiential or ideographic orientation.
- Exploratory themes, often used in research on under-researched areas
- Examples such as respondent-led interviews, IPA, narrative analysis.
Designing a Topic Guide
- The topic guide reflects the research's theoretical orientation, specific questions, and issues to explore.
- It should offer a natural flow, allow for deviations, and be piloted
Sample Size Decisions
- Data saturation helps determine when to stop collecting data
- Information power considers data richness and relevance to the research question
- Researchers should consider sample size in terms of aims, specificities, and data quality
Developing a Qualitative Research Study (Staff Experiences)
- Experiences of staff implementing psychological interventions are studied.
- Research is done in NHS EIP services in England to gain insight into discrepancies, impact and feedback on intervention implementation.
Qualitative Methods: Learning Outcomes
- Understand qualitative data analysis (thematic analysis)
- Themes development, including initial coding
- Understanding other forms of qualitative data analysis and similarities/differences
- Develop broad critical understanding of qualitative research in mental health.
Thematic Analysis
- A generic method to analyse qualitative data
- Processes involve familiarisation with the data, coding, theme generation, reviewing, refining, and defining.
Beginning Thematic Analysis
- Researcher reflexivity is crucial in qualitative research.
- Understanding assumptions, decisions, and interpretations involves critically evaluating the research process.
Grounded Theory
- Inductive approach to develop theory from data
- Focuses on cyclical theory development, refining questions and collecting data as insights develop
- Iterative analysis, generating, reviewing and refining theory
Grounded Theory (cont.)
- Grounded theory is both an iterative and inductive development of theory from the data
- The focus is on concepts and relationships
Narrative Analysis
- It focuses on stories and the meanings individuals attach to lived experiences.
- Researchers analyze narratives' tone and style, drawing insights from cultural contexts and the participants' backgrounds.
Discourse Analysis
- Discourse analysis investigates how language shapes social identities and constructs the world.
- It examines communication and language usage to understand experiences, power relations, and cultural practices
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Description
Test your understanding of qualitative research methodologies, including critical realism, phenomenology, and social constructionism. This quiz explores the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research approaches, emphasizing the importance of context and subjectivity in research design.
