Qualitative Research Principles 1
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Questions and Answers

Which sampling strategy aims for a broad range of participants based on relevant variables?

  • Typical case sampling
  • Maximal Variation Sampling (correct)
  • Snowball sampling
  • Critical case sampling

    • What is indicated by data saturation in qualitative research?

  • The point at which no new information is emerging from data collection (correct)
  • The maximum feasible sample size for quantitative research
  • The specific number of participants reached in a study
  • The average number of interviews typically conducted

    • How does purposive sampling differ from random sampling in qualitative research?

  • It selects participants to ensure statistical representation
  • It excludes specific demographics to enhance sample variety
  • It relies on personal biases of the researcher
  • It is based on specific characteristics relevant to the research question (correct)

    • What is the recommended sample size for achieving data saturation with semi-structured interviews in homogeneous samples?

    <p>12 participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a consideration for the Information Power concept in determining sample size?

    <p>Statistical validity of results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of qualitative research in contrast to quantitative research?

    <p>Qualitative research focuses on understanding complex human experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using semi-structured interviews in qualitative research?

    <p>To explore the complexity of views and experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mixed methods research, what does triangulation refer to?

    <p>Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches to address questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a method of capturing qualitative data in implementation/service-based work?

    <p>A/B testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect should a topic guide for qualitative research reflect?

    <p>The theoretical orientation of the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does researcher reflexivity involve in qualitative research?

    <p>Being aware of how the researcher's background affects the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the exploratory nature of qualitative research?

    <p>It allows for the discovery of unexpected insights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is specifically categorized as a verbal method of data collection?

    <p>Interviews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an inductive approach in research?

    <p>Generates new insights from broad research questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is researcher reflexivity important in qualitative research?

    <p>It acknowledges how the researcher's perspective influences the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

    <p>Qualitative research aims for objectivity and reduction of bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of using qualitative approaches in mental health research?

    <p>It facilitates understanding of context-dependent meanings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mixed methods in research are encouraged because they:

    <p>Combine qualitative and quantitative approaches for a comprehensive understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does critical realism emphasize in research ontology?

    <p>Knowledge of a pre-existing reality is influenced by perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the analytical methods used in qualitative research?

    <p>They are based on broad principles and are less fixed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of qualitative research is highlighted by paying attention to social contexts?

    <p>It emphasizes the role of the research setting in meaning-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phenomenology focus on in qualitative research?

    <p>The unique, subjective experiences of participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do qualitative research methods inform the development of interventions in mental health?

    <p>By gathering stakeholder perspectives and using thematic analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Qualitative Research Principles

    • Qualitative research explores different ways of thinking, encompassing ontology (the nature of reality) and epistemology (how knowledge is acquired), guiding the research methodology.
    • Ontological positions include realism (fixed reality independent of the study), critical realism (pre-existing reality, but knowledge is gained through a perspective), and relativism (reality depends entirely on human interpretation).
    • Epistemological frameworks such as phenomenology (subjective experience, uniqueness), interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), and social constructionism (anti-essentialist, situated understandings of people as social beings) are used. Discourse analysis is also a critical approach.
    • Methodological approaches focus on meaning, complexity, content forms of expression, and social contexts of research participants; paying attention to these viewpoints.
    • Inductive approaches use broad research questions, rather than specific hypotheses to generate insights and understandings, without testing pre-defined hypotheses.
    • The researchers' perspective/positioning is an important part of research output.
    • Qualitative research differs from quantitative research in that quantitative research starts with specific hypotheses, uses theory-testing/deductive approach, and the data are numerical values.

    Qualitative Research Methods

    • Qualitative research uses rich data, focusing on context-dependent meanings and values reflexivity.
    • Methods used capture verbal/observational aspects and include interviews, focus groups, and ethnographies.
    • Open-ended survey questionnaires, blogs, social media data, local/national policy documents, and media content are also sources of data. Visual methods such as participatory photography are used.
    • Mixed methods research often combines different data types and perspectives for a broader understanding.
    • Semi-structured or in-depth interviews explore complex experiences and tensions/ambivalence.

    Sampling in Qualitative Research

    • Samples should be carefully piloted and revised, allowing for natural flow in the interview.

    • Qualitative sample sizes might be small and in-depth, or large and broad. The sample size depends on the theoretical orientation, aims of the research, and resources.

    • Appropriate sample sizes vary based on what type of analysis is to be performed for the data (e.g., IPA, thematic analysis, comparison of groups).

    • Data saturation is the point where no new data is being collected during data collection, and usually around 12 interviews if the interviews are semi-structured and the sample homogeneous; up to 18 if more diverse.

    • Information power (the amount and depth of information held by a sample) and sample specificity are considered in sample size determination.

    • Purposive sampling focuses on maximal variation, aiming for a comprehensive range of participants on relevant variables (including clinical, demographic, or other relevant factors as needed).

    • Sampling strategies also include extreme case, typical case, critical case, convenience, and snowball sampling.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental principles of qualitative research, including its ontological and epistemological frameworks. This quiz covers various methodologies and approaches that guide qualitative inquiry, emphasizing the importance of meaning and context in understanding social phenomena.

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