Qualitative Research Methods Overview
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes inductive research methods?

  • They begin with data collection to formulate theories. (correct)
  • They start with a theory to derive hypotheses.
  • They heavily rely on random assignment of participants.
  • They typically have low external validity.

What is a key feature of quasi experiments?

  • They randomly assign participants to control and experimental groups.
  • They emphasize the manipulation of independent variables only.
  • They have low external validity compared to classic experiments.
  • They involve non-random assignment and pre-existing groups. (correct)

Which of the following statements about classic experiments is true?

  • Random assignment of participants is a key component. (correct)
  • The control group receives the experimental treatment.
  • They have lower observations of outcomes compared to quasi experiments.
  • They do not require identifying independent and dependent variables.

Which principle is NOT part of research ethics?

<p>Researchers do not need to ensure the integrity of data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the deductive approach primarily rely on?

<p>Testing hypotheses derived from a theoretical statement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ethnography in research?

<p>To provide an in-depth understanding of behaviors and beliefs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines a hypothesis?

<p>A testable prediction about the relationship between variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes snowball sampling from other sampling methods?

<p>It allows participants to recruit additional subjects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of reliability in research?

<p>To assess the consistency of a measurement tool (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes ecological fallacies?

<p>Assuming individual behaviors reflect group-level data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do structured interviews enhance data collection?

<p>By maintaining a fixed set of pre-determined questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions provide respondents with restricted answers, such as 'yes' or 'no'?

<p>Closed questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Field notes are primarily used for what purpose in research?

<p>To record detailed observations and reflections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Deductive Research

A research approach starting with a theory, generating predictions (hypotheses) to be tested with data.

Inductive Research

A research approach starting with data, observing patterns to develop theories and predictions.

Quasi Experiment

A type of study with pre-existing groups where participants are not randomly assigned. It explores cause-and-effect relationships and can be applied to real-world settings.

Classic Experiment

A controlled study where participants are randomly assigned to receive either the treatment or the control condition. It aims to isolate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.

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Research Ethics

Ethical guidelines that ensure research is conducted responsibly, with participant consent and protection of identities. Key principles include informed consent, voluntary participation, and maintaining confidentiality.

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Ethnography

A qualitative research method used to understand cultures, communities, or social phenomena by observing, participating, and interviewing.

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Hypothesis

A testable statement or prediction about the relationship between variables in a study. It guides research by providing a framework for data collection and analysis.

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Sampling Frame

A list or database of individuals, groups, or entities from which a sample is drawn for a study. It ensures the sample accurately represents the population of interest.

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Snowball Sampling

A non-probability sampling technique where existing participants recruit others into the study. It's useful for hard-to-reach populations or specialized communities.

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Structured Interview

A standardized data collection method where the interviewer asks a set of pre-determined questions in a fixed order. It ensures consistency and comparability across different responses.

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Ecological Fallacy

Assuming something is true for an individual based solely on data about the group they belong to. It's a fallacy because individual behavior doesn't always match group trends.

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Reliability/Validity

Reliability refers to the consistency of a research method or measurement tool, while validity measures its accuracy.

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Open Questions

These questions allow respondents to provide detailed, unrestricted answers, leading to deeper insights.

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Closed Questions

These questions provide fixed response options, making data easier to quantify and analyze.

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Study Notes

Ethnography

  • Ethnography is a qualitative research method for studying cultures, communities, or social phenomena.
  • It involves direct observation, participation, and interviews.
  • The goal is to understand people's behaviors, beliefs, and interactions within their natural environment.

Hypothesis

  • A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between variables.
  • It guides data collection and analysis to support or refute the explanation.

Sampling Frame

  • A sampling frame is a list or database of individuals or entities from which a sample is drawn.
  • It ensures the population of interest is accurately represented.

Snowball Sampling

  • Snowball sampling involves existing participants recruiting others.
  • It's used for hard-to-reach populations or specialized communities.

Structured Interview

  • A structured interview uses predetermined questions in a fixed order.
  • This ensures consistency and comparability across responses.

Ecological Fallacies

  • Ecological fallacies occur when conclusions about individuals are drawn from group data.
  • Group trends may not reflect individual behaviors.

Reliability/Validity

  • Reliability refers to the consistency of a research method.
  • Validity measures the accuracy of a research method.

Open vs. Closed Questions

  • Open questions: Allow for detailed, unrestricted answers.
  • Closed questions: Provide fixed response options; easier to quantify and analyze.

Field Notes

  • Field notes are detailed observations and reflections recorded during or after fieldwork.
  • They capture contextual details, interactions, and insights.

Fundamentals of Social Science Research

  • Understand human behavior.
  • Address social issues.
  • Promote social justice.

Deductive Approach

  • Begins with a theory, from which hypotheses can be derived and tested.

Inductive Approach

  • Begins with data collection; theories, hypotheses, and concepts are developed from data.

Quasi-Experiments

  • Non-random assignment (pre-existing groups).
  • Dependent and independent variables.
  • High external validity.
  • Control group.

Classic Experiments

  • Identify independent and dependent variables.
  • High observation of outcome in response to the independent variable.
  • Control group does not receive experimental treatment.
  • Random assignment of participants.

Research Ethics Principles

  • Moral and professional standards guide research decisions.
  • Obtain informed consent.
  • Maintain participant confidentiality.
  • Ensure voluntary participation.
  • Perform research honestly and responsibly.

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts of qualitative research methods including ethnography, hypothesis formulation, sampling techniques, and structured interviews. It also explores the purpose and application of snowball sampling in difficult-to-reach populations. Test your understanding of these essential research elements.

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