Qualitative Research Methods Overview

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes inductive research methods?

They begin with data collection to formulate theories. (correct)

They start with a theory to derive hypotheses.

They heavily rely on random assignment of participants.

They typically have low external validity.

What is a key feature of quasi experiments?

They randomly assign participants to control and experimental groups.

They emphasize the manipulation of independent variables only.

They have low external validity compared to classic experiments.

They involve non-random assignment and pre-existing groups. (correct)

Which of the following statements about classic experiments is true?

Random assignment of participants is a key component. (correct)

The control group receives the experimental treatment.

They have lower observations of outcomes compared to quasi experiments.

They do not require identifying independent and dependent variables.

Which principle is NOT part of research ethics?

Researchers do not need to ensure the integrity of data. Signup and view all the answers

What does the deductive approach primarily rely on?

Testing hypotheses derived from a theoretical statement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ethnography in research?

To provide an in-depth understanding of behaviors and beliefs Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines a hypothesis?

A testable prediction about the relationship between variables Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes snowball sampling from other sampling methods?

It allows participants to recruit additional subjects Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of reliability in research?

To assess the consistency of a measurement tool Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes ecological fallacies?

Assuming individual behaviors reflect group-level data Signup and view all the answers

How do structured interviews enhance data collection?

By maintaining a fixed set of pre-determined questions Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions provide respondents with restricted answers, such as 'yes' or 'no'?

Closed questions Signup and view all the answers

Field notes are primarily used for what purpose in research?

To record detailed observations and reflections Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethnography

Ethnography is a qualitative research method for studying cultures, communities, or social phenomena.
It involves direct observation, participation, and interviews.
The goal is to understand people's behaviors, beliefs, and interactions within their natural environment.

Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between variables.
It guides data collection and analysis to support or refute the explanation.

Sampling Frame

A sampling frame is a list or database of individuals or entities from which a sample is drawn.
It ensures the population of interest is accurately represented.

Snowball Sampling

Snowball sampling involves existing participants recruiting others.
It's used for hard-to-reach populations or specialized communities.

Structured Interview

A structured interview uses predetermined questions in a fixed order.
This ensures consistency and comparability across responses.

Ecological Fallacies

Ecological fallacies occur when conclusions about individuals are drawn from group data.
Group trends may not reflect individual behaviors.

Reliability/Validity

Reliability refers to the consistency of a research method.
Validity measures the accuracy of a research method.

Open vs. Closed Questions

Open questions: Allow for detailed, unrestricted answers.
Closed questions: Provide fixed response options; easier to quantify and analyze.

Field Notes

Field notes are detailed observations and reflections recorded during or after fieldwork.
They capture contextual details, interactions, and insights.

Understand human behavior.
Address social issues.
Promote social justice.

Deductive Approach

Begins with a theory, from which hypotheses can be derived and tested.

Inductive Approach

Begins with data collection; theories, hypotheses, and concepts are developed from data.

Quasi-Experiments

Non-random assignment (pre-existing groups).
Dependent and independent variables.
High external validity.
Control group.

Classic Experiments

Identify independent and dependent variables.
High observation of outcome in response to the independent variable.
Control group does not receive experimental treatment.
Random assignment of participants.

Research Ethics Principles

Moral and professional standards guide research decisions.
Obtain informed consent.
Maintain participant confidentiality.
Ensure voluntary participation.
Perform research honestly and responsibly.

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts of qualitative research methods including ethnography, hypothesis formulation, sampling techniques, and structured interviews. It also explores the purpose and application of snowball sampling in difficult-to-reach populations. Test your understanding of these essential research elements.