52 Questions
What is the process of developing specific predictions (hypotheses) from general principles called?
Deductive reasoning
What does the process of reasoning from specific observations to more broad general rules refer to?
Inductive reasoning
What is the first step in a study according to the provided text?
Significance/compliance of the study – identify the problem/develop a topic
What does the process of disseminating the findings involve?
Sharing data with peers and interested groups/conferences/presentations
What type of analysis is used to attempt to establish if there is a relationship between variables?
Inferential Analysis
Which type of data is needed for parametric tests like t-tests and ANOVA?
Interval data
What does the p-value signify?
Likelihood of chance occurrence
Which test is used when the mean of three or more groups are compared?
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
What is the most appropriate summary measure for independent group T-tests?
Mean
What type of test is used when the same group of subjects is measured on more than one occasion?
Dependent Group T-test
What does MANOVA examine?
Differences between mean scores of two or more groups on two or more dependent variables
When is the Chi Square test used?
When comparing observed frequencies with expected frequencies
What does the Independent T Test compare?
Means of two independent groups
What type of data is used with non-parametric tests like Chi Square?
Nominal data
What is the aim of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)?
To test differences between the means of three or more groups
What type of analysis is used to describe the characteristics of those involved in a study using frequency, central tendency, and dispersion?
Descriptive Analysis
Which format includes Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Timing, and Data in research questions?
PICOT-D format
Which type of variables include independent, dependent, and extraneous/confounding variables in quantitative research?
Quan.ta.ve variables
Which criteria are included in quantitative research designs?
Objectivity, accuracy, and control
Which of the following is a threat to internal validity in research?
Measurement effect
What is the primary use of qualitative research?
Understand, describe, and explore contexts with little to no prior research
What is the primary use of quantitative research?
Identify key variables and possible relationships among variables
What kind of research questions should be simple, precise, and action-oriented, providing direction for action?
Quantitative research questions
Which type of research is used for exploration, complexity, and variation between participants?
Qualitative research
What are the threats to external validity in research?
Selection effect, reaction effect, and measurement effect
Which of the following is not a quantitative research design?
Observational design
Which type of research is used to identify central phenomena and research traditions?
Qualitative research
What type of variables are included in quantitative research?
Dependent and independent variables
Which research paradigm emphasizes the role of context in shaping individual experiences?
Constructivism
Which research paradigm recognizes the complexity of human behavior and the limitations of complete objectivity?
Post-positivism
Which research paradigm emphasizes a single reality and objective research methods?
Positivism
Which research paradigm focuses on problem-solving and uses both quantitative and qualitative methods?
Pragmatism
What is the main belief underlying quantitative research?
Objective reality
What type of reasoning does qualitative research use?
Inductive reasoning
What does qualitative research focus on?
Narrative data
What does quantitative research focus on?
Deductive data analysis
Which research paradigm emphasizes a fixed design and closed-ended data collection?
Positivism
What is the aim of transformative research?
Raising awareness and promoting social change
Which aspect shapes the way research questions are asked and carried out within research paradigms?
Ontology, epistemology, axiology, and methodology
What does the critical reading process of a research article involve?
Analysis and synthesis
Which qualitative research method focuses on generating a theory that explains a context or phenomenon through data collection via interviews and analysis using open-coding and axial coding?
Ground theory
Which qualitative research method aims to produce cultural theory and understand different views of the world, with perspectives of emic (insider POV) and etic (outsider POV)?
Ethnography
Which qualitative research method describes experiences as they are lived, with approaches of descriptive and interpretive?
Phenomenology
Which qualitative research method involves in-depth contextual analysis of an entity or small number of entities, such as individuals, families, or social groups?
Case study
Which sampling technique in qualitative research involves probability plans like simple random, stratified, cluster, or systematic samples?
Probability plans like simple random, stratified, cluster, or systematic samples
What are the factors that can influence sample size in qualitative research?
Design used, sampling procedure, heterogeneity of attributes, frequency of occurrence, and projected cost
Which type of data are used for simple analysis in quantitative data analysis?
Nominal data
Which type of data are used for measurement of satisfaction in quantitative data analysis?
Ordinal data
Which tests for continuous data include interval data, which can have negative numbers and where zero has meaning?
Parametric tests for continuous data
Which type of qualitative research problem involves the determination of sample size through power analysis?
Sampling problems
Which type of qualitative research problem involves errors, bias, and the determination of sample size through power analysis?
Sampling problems
Which type of qualitative research problem involves bias and the determination of sample size through power analysis?
Sampling problems
Study Notes
Qualitative Research Methods and Sampling Techniques
- Ground theory is a qualitative research method focused on generating a theory that explains a context or phenomenon through data collection via interviews and analysis using open-coding and axial coding.
- Ethnography is designed to produce cultural theory and aims to understand different views of the world, with two perspectives: emic (insider POV) and etic (outsider POV).
- Phenomenology describes experiences as they are lived, with two approaches: descriptive, focusing on the true meaning of the experience, and interpretive, including the researcher's experiences and perspectives.
- Historical research involves the systematic compilation and interpretation of facts regarding past events, often including oral history interviews.
- Narrative inquiry emphasizes how stories shape experiences and construct reality, providing an understanding of how people interpret situations.
- Case study involves in-depth contextual analysis of an entity or small number of entities, such as individuals, families, or social groups.
- Sampling in qualitative research can involve probability plans like simple random, stratified, cluster, or systematic samples, or non-probability plans like convenience, quota, matching, consecutive, and purposive sampling.
- Factors influencing sample size include the design used, sampling procedure, heterogeneity of attributes, frequency of occurrence, and projected cost.
- Sampling problems in qualitative research include sampling errors, bias, and the determination of sample size through power analysis.
- Quantitative data analysis involves different levels of measurement, including categorical (nominal, ordinal) and continuous (interval, ratio) data.
- Nominal data are used for simple analysis, while ordinal data are used for measurement of satisfaction.
- Parametric tests for continuous data include interval data, which can have negative numbers and where zero has meaning, and ratio data.
Test your knowledge of qualitative research methods and sampling techniques with this quiz. Explore ground theory, ethnography, phenomenology, historical research, narrative inquiry, case study, and various sampling approaches in qualitative research. Evaluate your understanding of factors influencing sample size, sampling problems, and quantitative data analysis.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
