Qualitative Research Methodologies Quiz

A system of interconnected ideas and categories used to explain and predict phenomena.

Explanatory method using statements of causal and probabilistic relationships between variables.

An approach that groups attributes into ideal types and their interdependencies leading to specific configurations, especially useful for explaining a topic.

A form of theorizing that emphasizes the dynamic and changing nature of phenomena, and looks for mechanisms causing change over time.

Research approaches that explore and understand complex phenomena through detailed descriptions, experiences, & meanings.

Data-driven research approach measuring and analyzing numerical data to establish relationships.

A metaphor emphasizing that quantitative methods only give a simplified representation (map) of complex reality (territory).

Different approaches or styles for developing theories in a field of study.

Using multiple data sources and methods to strengthen research findings' credibility.

Detailed description of social phenomena, capturing context and nuances.

Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software.

Ensuring research methods align with research questions and theoretical goals for robust research.

Using various qualitative research methods without considering their compatibility, weakening the research.

Building theory directly from data.

Prioritizing the meanings and interpretations of organizational actors.

Increased publication and influence of qualitative research methods in management studies.

A research approach that investigates qualities, processes, and meanings using interpretive and naturalistic methods.

Three main theoretical perspectives guide qualitative research: postpositivism, interpretive research, and critical postmodernism.

A theoretical perspective that seeks probabilistic knowledge and aims to falsify hypotheses.

A qualitative theoretical perspective focused on understanding individual meaning-making using inductive reasoning.

A theoretical approach that analyzes power structures to achieve societal emancipation.

Includes detailed literature reviews, specific research questions, thorough methodology descriptions, rigorous data analysis, and connections to existing theories.

Include case studies, interviews, observations, grounded theory, and textual analysis, which gather and analyze data for qualitative research.

Involves coding, theme development, and various analytical approaches to find patterns and meaning in qualitative data.

Two main research approaches with different goals, methods, and data types. Qualitative focuses on understanding meaning and context, while quantitative emphasizes measurements and generalizability.

Qualitative research excels at providing rich detail, in-depth understanding, and exploring context-specific experiences.

Quantitative research excels at generalizability, statistical power, and objectivity, allowing for broader conclusions and comparisons.

The idea that the dominance of quantitative methods can overshadow and even crowd out valuable qualitative research.

Choosing research methods that align perfectly with your research questions and the theoretical goals you want to achieve. It's like picking the right tools for the job – if you use the wrong ones, your research won't be as strong or convincing.

When researchers mix and match different qualitative methods without checking if their underlying assumptions are compatible. This is risky because different methods might have different 'rules' about how to interpret data, leading to confusion.

A qualitative approach that focuses on building theory directly from data. It's grounded in interpretivism, meaning it values the meanings and interpretations of the people being studied. This is great for understanding complex social phenomena.

This approach uses detailed case studies to generate theory. It's especially helpful for understanding how things work in specific situations or organizations. Think of it as a close-up study of a single event or organization.

This method focuses on how things change over time. It's helpful for understanding how processes unfold and how different factors influence them. Imagine a time-lapse video of a process happening.

Clearly defined questions guiding the study, usually focusing on 'how' or 'why'.

Statements about expected relationships between variables, crucial for studies aiming to explain.

Precisely defines what constitutes the 'case' (e.g., individual, organization, event), including time and location.

Method used to connect collected data to proposed relationships (e.g., pattern matching, explanation building).

Pre-defined standards for evaluating study success and interpreting results.

Categorized using a 2x2 matrix: single case vs. multiple cases, and holistic analysis vs. embedded units of analysis.

Ensures accurate measurement of concepts using multiple sources and reviews for validity.

Informants are seen as active participants who understand their actions and can explain their thoughts, feelings, and intentions.

Directly analyzing and coding data based on the informants' own terms and language.

Researcher-driven interpretation and analysis of the data, going beyond the initial codes to develop broader themes and concepts.

Organized system for arranging and presenting the research data, moving from raw material to coded concepts to overarching themes.

The final goal of the research process, creating a dynamic representation of how the concepts interact and explain the phenomenon.

The moment of a breakthrough, the 'aha!' moment where the researcher understands the core processes and mechanisms at play.

Theory building and theory testing are interconnected, using inductive analysis of data to generate theory and then integrating deductive testing to validate it.

Analyzing each case study independently and then testing the emergent theory in each case to enhance the generalizability of the findings.

Choosing cases that are relevant to your research question and theoretical framework. This involves considering the type of case (e.g., typical or extreme) and the number of cases needed for analysis.

A method of selecting cases based on their theoretical relevance. This involves identifying cases that can help test, refine, or develop a specific theory.

Examining and comparing several cases to gain a deeper understanding of a specific phenomenon. This method aims to produce a theory that is parsimonious (simple), generalizable (applicable to other contexts), and testable through propositions.

Analyzing multiple aspects within a single case, such as studying different departments within a company, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the case's complexity.

The steps taken in conducting a case study, involving defining the research question, selecting cases, adapting the design, collecting data, analyzing data, and developing explanations.

Objects or materials created or used by people, capturing their actions, experiences, and meanings. Examples: documents, presentations, videos, interior designs.

Shifting focus from purely human perspectives to include the role of artifacts in shaping actions and meanings.

Recognizing the interconnectedness of social and material aspects, how objects shape actions and vice versa.

Understanding how different modes of communication (verbal, visual, material) work together to create meaning.

Artifacts not just passive objects, but active participants in shaping actions, bringing imagined futures into reality.

Qualitative methods prioritize understanding the meaning behind social phenomena, rather than just how often they occur. It's about interpreting symbols and translating observations into a story.

Qualitative research aims to bridge the gap between theories and real-world data by gathering information directly from the source, allowing for a more nuanced understanding. It's like understanding a painting by seeing the artist's brushstrokes, not just a photo.

Qualitative studies create detailed descriptions (idiographic) of specific situations to develop general statements (nomothetic) about a wider range of behaviors.

Qualitative research emphasizes the importance of understanding the context in which behavior occurs. Meaning is derived from the interaction between behavior and its environment.

Qualitative research often involves direct, firsthand experience, allowing researchers to understand the perspectives of the people being studied. It's like walking in someone else's shoes.

Qualitative methods are similar to our everyday way of understanding the world. We constantly make sense of symbolic, contextual, and cryptic information.

Qualitative research provides a powerful lens to understand the complexities of human behavior, emphasizing meaning, context, and the individual perspective.

Qualitative data provides richer insights by focusing on the depth and meaning behind observations, rather than just counting occurrences.

The process of understanding how individuals and groups construct and share meaning, focusing on the subjective experiences and interpretations of participants.

A research approach that starts with specific observations or data and then develops general theories or explanations from those observations.

Research methods that explore the meanings and interpretations of social actors, often using in-depth interviews, observations, and analysis of texts and documents.

The acknowledgment that reality is socially constructed and shaped by power relations, challenging objective truth and highlighting the influence of social forces.

An in-depth investigation of a single case, such as an individual, organization, or event, using multiple data sources to understand its unique context.

The philosophical assumption about what exists in the world, influencing how we approach research.

The philosophical assumption about what knowledge is and how we can acquire it.

A research paradigm based on objective reality, seeking to find generalizable laws through empirical evidence.

A research paradigm that focuses on understanding the subjective interpretations of individuals and social groups.

The idea that reality is not fixed but constructed through social interactions and shared meanings.

Data from online sources that combines different formats, such as videos and written text.

Online interactions happening in real-time, often less structured and not always recorded.

Content generated collaboratively by multiple users online, often in a dynamic and evolving manner.

Collecting data ethically when researching online, prioritizing participant privacy and avoiding harm.

Unique communication norms and practices prevalent in online settings, influencing how information is shared and interpreted.

Qualitative research aims to create detailed descriptions of specific cases (idiographic) to inform broader generalizations (nomothetic).

Qualitative research focuses on gathering data directly within the organizational setting, observing real-world phenomena.

Meaning is derived from the interaction between behavior and its context. Qualitative research emphasizes understanding the situation surrounding the observed behavior.

Qualitative researchers strive to understand organizational phenomena from the perspectives of those involved, aiming to see things from their point of view.

A key qualitative method where the researcher actively immerses themselves in the research setting to observe and experience it firsthand.

In-depth interviews designed to elicit rich descriptions and understanding of individuals' experiences within the organization.

Qualitative research prioritizes understanding the why behind organizational phenomena, focusing on the meaning and context, rather than just how often something occurs.

Qualitative research uses a variety of interpretive and naturalistic methods to understand social phenomena, exploring the qualities of experiences, processes, and meanings as they naturally occur.

A core technique in grounded theory, where data is repeatedly compared to identify patterns and develop concepts.

Assigning labels or codes to segments of data to identify recurring patterns and themes.

Identifying and refining major themes that emerge from the data through coding and analysis.

Examining stories and narratives to understand how individuals make sense of their experiences and events.

Analyzing language and communication to understand how meaning is constructed and negotiated within a context.