Anatomy 2 - Test #4

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

What happens to the remaining follicle after ovulation?

  • It forms a new ovary
  • It degenerates immediately
  • It becomes the corpus luteum (correct)
  • It transforms into a primary oocyte

What hormone stimulates testosterone production in males?

  • Inhibin
  • Estrogen
  • LH (correct)
  • FSH

Which hormone is responsible for milk ejection during lactation?

  • Estrogen
  • Oxytocin (correct)
  • LH
  • Prolactin

What do the gonads produce?

<p>Gametes and sex hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament contains ovarian blood vessels and nerves?

<p>Suspensory ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anchors the ovaries to the uterus?

<p>Ovarian ligament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone surge triggers ovulation?

<p>LH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

<p>Seminiferous tubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which male gland secretes a milky fluid rich in citric acid and PSA?

<p>Prostate gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the uterine lining is shed during menstruation?

<p>Endometrium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the scrotum?

<p>Maintain a cooler temperature for sperm production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the uterus is responsible for muscle contractions during childbirth?

<p>Myometrium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates milk production in mammary glands?

<p>Prolactin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary reproductive organs in males and females?

<p>Testes and ovaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system?

<p>Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the testes forms a blood-testis barrier?

<p>Sustentacular cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the ovarian cycle occurs from Day 1 to Day 13?

<p>Follicular phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are present in a human sperm or oocyte?

<p>23 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland produces fructose to nourish sperm?

<p>Seminal vesicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the corpus luteum primarily secrete that helps maintain uterine lining?

<p>Progesterone and estrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure stores sperm until they are mature and motile?

<p>Epididymis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of alkaline fluid in seminal fluid?

<p>Neutralize vaginal acidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does inhibin play in male reproduction?

<p>Inhibits FSH production to regulate sperm production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the end of the luteal phase if fertilization does not occur?

<p>Menstruation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the production of GnRH?

<p>Puberty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the uterine tubes contain fimbriae, which envelop the ovary during ovulation?

<p>Infundibulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prostaglandins in seminal fluid?

<p>Widen the external opening of the cervix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the acrosome cap on a sperm cell?

<p>Contain enzymes that help penetrate the oocyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the milk-producing secretory units of the mammary glands?

<p>Alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two branches of adaptive immunity?

<p>Cell-mediated and humoral immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemotaxis in the immune response?

<p>Attract immune cells to the site of infection or injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+ cells)?

<p>Kill infected, cancerous, or foreign cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the second line of defense?

<p>Antibody production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of antibodies?

<p>Tag pathogens for destruction by immune cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of innate immunity?

<p>Provides a rapid, nonspecific defense against pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?

<p>Provide a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of helper T-lymphocytes (CD4+ cells)?

<p>Stimulate cytotoxic T cells, macrophages, and B cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

<p>Display foreign antigens on their surface to activate T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proteins are released by infected cells to protect neighboring cells from viral infection?

<p>Interferons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity involves memory cell production?

<p>Active immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody function involves clumping pathogens together for easier removal by phagocytes?

<p>Agglutination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily involved in adaptive immunity?

<p>T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity develops after vaccination?

<p>Artificially acquired active immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is associated with allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin (antibody) is found in exocrine gland secretions, such as saliva and breast milk?

<p>IgA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

<p>Redness, heat, swelling, and pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition involves an exaggerated immune response to an antigen?

<p>Hypersensitivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do vaccines provide immunity?

<p>By stimulating the immune system to produce memory cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of plasma cells in immunity?

<p>Produce and release antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do natural killer (NK) cells play in the immune response?

<p>Destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells by secreting perforins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which are the functions of the Lymphatic system?

<p>Transport and house lymphocytes and other immune cells (B), maintain blood volume by returning excess fluid from body tissues into the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the lymphatic system drains lymph from the right upper body and right half of the head?

<p>Right Lymphatic Duct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of lymph?

<p>Water, dissolved solutes, small amounts of proteins, cell debris, pathogens, or cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the lymphatic system drains lymph from the lower body, left upper body, and left side of the head?

<p>Thoracic Duct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary lymphatic organs and their functions?

<p>Involved in the formation and maturation of lymphocytes (B), include red bone marrow and the thymus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the secondary lymphatic organs and their functions?

<p>house lymphocytes and other immune cells (B), include lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphatic nodules, and MALT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the thymus?

<p>Involved in T-lymphocyte maturation (C), located in the mediastinum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does red bone marrow do in the lymphatic system?

<p>site of hematopoiesis: production of blood's formed elements including T- and B-lymphocytes (D), located between trabeculae and spongey bone (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lymph nodes?

<p>occur in clusters that receive lymph from the body (C), Filter lymph , remove unwanted substances (A), monitors presence of foreign materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the body does the cervical lymph node receive lymph from?

<p>head and neck (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the body does the axillary lymph node receive lymph from?

<p>breast, axilla, and upper limbs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the body does the Inguinal lymph node receive lymph from?

<p>lower limbs and pelvis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spleen?

<p>It is the largest lymphatic organ. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the white pulp of the spleen?

<p>monitor blood for foreign materials (A), cluster of T- and B-lymphocytes and macrophages around central artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the red pulp of the spleen?

<p>monitors and recycles old red blood cells and platelets (C), storage site for erythrocytes and platelets (D), contain erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages, and B-lymphocytes (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the tonsils in the lymphatic system?

<p>Help prevent against foreign substances that are ingested or inhaled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pharyngeal tonsil located?

<p>posterior of the nasopharynx and called adenoids when enlarged (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the palatine tonsils located?

<p>posterolateral portion of the oral cavity near the soft palate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the lingual tonsils located?

<p>posterior 1/3 of the tongue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lymphatic nodules?

<p>help defend against infection (C), found in every organ (D), clusters of lymphatic cells with some extracellular matrix that are not completely surrounded by connective tissue capsule (@), can group together to from larger structures in some areas (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)?

<p>Located in gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts (B), help defend against foreign substances (C), prominent in the small intestine (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lacteals?

<p>Lymphatic capillaries in the GI tract (A), Absorb lipid-soluble substances from GI tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the ways that lymph is moved throughout the body?

<p>skeletal muscles, respiratory pump, pulsatile movement of blood from nearby arteries, rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles in larger lymph vessel walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are characteristics of innate immunity?

<p>rapid, immediate response (A), present at birth (C), non-specific (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 1st and 2nd line of defense are apart of what?

<p>Innate Immune System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 3rd line of defense is part of what?

<p>Adaptive immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of adaptive immunity?

<p>Specific (A), Requires prior exposure (@), takes several days (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 1st line of defense?

<p>Mechanical barriers: unbroken skin and mucous membranes. Includes hair, mucus, and sweat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cell-mediated immunity?

<p>Involve T-lymphocytes (cytotoxic and helper t-cells) (A), requires antigen presenting cells (C), destroys cells through apoptosis (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consists of the 2nd line of defense?

<p>Chemical barriers, interferons, activation of complements, NK cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consists of the 3rd line of defense?

<p>Cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is humoral immunity?

<p>produce antibodies (A), does not require antigen presenting cells (C), involve B-lymphocytes and plasma cells (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are antigen presenting cells?

<p>T-cells require APCs so than it can bind with an antigen and activate its immune response. There are 2 types of APCS: our own bodies cells and immune antigen presenting cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of APC present self-antigens that are attached to MHC class 1 molecules on the cells surface that T-cells will recognize and WONT attack?

<p>Our own bodies cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which APC uses dendrites and macrophages to engulf the foreign cell and present the foreign antigen on MHC2 receptors on their surface that will allow T-cells to active an immune response?

<p>Immune antigen presenting cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the events of inflammation?

<p>Vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, increased endothelial expression of molecules for leukocyte adhesion, macrophages release pyrogens, delivery of plasma proteins to site, and immunoglobulins, complement, clotting proteins, and kinins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin (antibody) prevents the attachment of bacteria to mucous membranes?

<p>IgA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin (antibody) is found in tissue fluid and plasma and can cross placenta?

<p>IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin (antibody) defends against bacterial cells, viruses, and toxins, and activates complement?

<p>IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin (antibody) is found in plasma, activates complement, and reacts with blood cells during transfusion?

<p>IgM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin (antibody) is found on the surface of most B-lymphocytes and functions in B-cell activation?

<p>IgD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin (antibody) is found in exocrine gland secretions, promotes allergic reactions, and is involved in defense against worm infections?

<p>IgE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Naturally acquired active immunity?

<p>occurs after exposure of the antigen itself (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Artificially acquired active immunity?

<p>occurs through use of vaccines, without person becoming ill from it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Artificially acquired passive immunity?

<p>injection of gamma globulins containing antibodies and is short-lived (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Naturally acquired passive immunity?

<p>occurs as antibodies are passed from mother to fetus and is short-lived (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the accessory reproductive organs in a female?

<p>Uterine tubes (B), Uterus (C), vagina (D), mammary glands (@), external genitalia (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ligament attaches ovaries to pelvic wall?

<p>Suspensory Ligament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the uterine tubes?

<p>Transport ovulated oocyte to uterus (B), site of fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the uterine tubes does fertilization occur?

<p>Ampulla (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the uterine tubes is the longest?

<p>Isthmus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the uterine tube penetrates the wall of the uterus?

<p>Uterine Part (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the uterus?

<p>supports, protects, nourishes embryo/fetus by forming a vascular connection (B), contains endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium (C), hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the uterus us where fertilized oocyte implants?

<p>Endometrium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is testosterone produced?

<p>Interstitial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates spermatogenesis?

<p>Testosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland produces a clear, viscous membrane that forms mucus and coats/lubricates the urethra during intercourse?

<p>Bulbourethral glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consists of seminal fluid?

<p>alkaline secretions, nutrients, produced by accessory glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consists of semen?

<p>formed from seminal fluid and sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris

More Like This

Anatomy 2 Test 3 Outline Question Set 2
90 questions
Anatomy Test 4 Question set 2
75 questions
Anatomy 2 Test #3
136 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser