BIO EXAM
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the melanin producing enzyme when the temperature rises above 33C?

  • It remains unaffected.
  • It becomes denatured. (correct)
  • It produces more melanin.
  • It operates more efficiently.
  • How many chromosomes do humans typically have?

  • 23 chromosomes
  • 44 chromosomes
  • 92 chromosomes
  • 46 chromosomes (correct)
  • What is formed when a chromosome condenses and becomes visible just before it replicates?

  • Sister Chromatid
  • Karyotype
  • Chromatid (correct)
  • Homologous Pair
  • What does the term 'homologous pair' refer to?

    <p>A pair of chromosomes that come from each parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the centromere play in the structure of a chromosome?

    <p>It holds identical chromatids together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the mitosis phase of cell division?

    <p>DNA condenses, becomes visible, and sister chromatids align.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a karyotype?

    <p>A map of all chromosomes in a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humans, the chromosomal theory of inheritance was suggested in which year?

    <p>1902</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

    <p>To match existing nucleotides with complementary bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is RNA chemically different from DNA?

    <p>RNA is single stranded while DNA is double stranded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are codons?

    <p>Groups of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transcription?

    <p>To convert DNA into RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the central dogma describe the flow of genetic information?

    <p>DNA → RNA → Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of start and stop codons in translation?

    <p>They initiate and terminate protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the universality of the genetic code indicate about living organisms?

    <p>All organisms share a common evolutionary heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final outcome of the processes of transcription and translation?

    <p>Conversion of genotype to phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs within the sporangium to produce haploid spores?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are responsible for the transport of water and minerals in plants?

    <p>Tracheid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Monilophytes from Lycophytes?

    <p>Complex leaf structure (megaphylls)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the life cycle is dominant in seedless vascular plants?

    <p>Sporophyte stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the antheridium in the fern life cycle?

    <p>To release sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leaves do Lycophytes possess?

    <p>Microphylls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ferns, what must occur for sperm to reach the egg housed in the archegonium?

    <p>It must swim through a film of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the xylem in plants?

    <p>Transport water and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction benefits one organism and harms another over a long term?

    <p>Parasitism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of parasite retains some ability to photosynthesize?

    <p>Hemi-parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of endoparasites?

    <p>They remain inside the host's body for their entire life cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is considered a complete parasite?

    <p>Indian pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of a parasite being too deadly?

    <p>Both parasite and host will die.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the lifecycle requirement of most parasites?

    <p>They must leave hosts to spread and infect new ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism is Plasmodium?

    <p>Apicomplexan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in its host?

    <p>It alters the behavior of the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes bryophytes unique compared to other plant groups?

    <p>They are non-vascular and utilize diffusion for water movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of the life cycle do bryophytes spend the majority of their life?

    <p>Gametophyte dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Archegonium in the moss life cycle?

    <p>To protect the developing zygote from drying out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about water's role in bryophyte reproduction is correct?

    <p>Water is required for gametes to swim and fuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of the Char species observed in freshwater marshes?

    <p>It has a filamentous structure and can adapt to variable environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of plants is characterized by the absence of true leaves and vasculature?

    <p>Bryophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cellular growth is primarily seen in Stoneworts?

    <p>Apical branching growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about non-vascular plants is accurate?

    <p>They rely on diffusion for nutrient and water transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of species interaction is exemplified when mites attach to damsel flies?

    <p>Commensalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the relationship between the saguaro cactus and the paloverde tree over time?

    <p>It turns into competition as the saguaro matures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the concept of species richness?

    <p>The total number of different species in an area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of environmental heterogeneity on species diversity?

    <p>It enhances species diversity by providing more niches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a keystone species, as exemplified by starfish?

    <p>A species that holds the ecosystem together through its interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pattern is observed regarding species diversity with latitude?

    <p>Species diversity is highest in tropical regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an ammensalistic interaction?

    <p>One species is harmed while the other is unaffected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does habitat area relate to species richness?

    <p>Species richness increases with area surveyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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