Autoimmunity
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Questions and Answers

What is autoimmunity?

  • An immune response to foreign antigens
  • Immune reactivity against the body’s own components, either antibody-mediated or cell mediated (correct)
  • The inability to respond to pathogens
  • Immune tolerance to self antigens

    • Discuss the general features of autoimmune disorders

  • They result from loss of tolerance to self antigens, may be systemic or organ-specific, and are chronic and progressive (correct)
  • They are acute and self limiting
  • They are cause solely by genetic mutations
  • They involve only B cells

    • What is organ specific autoimmunity?

  • Autoimmune reactions targeting a single organ due to inappropriate immune response against its autogens (correct)
  • Autoimmune reactions limited to skin tissues
  • A type of autoimmunity that does not involve antibodies
  • A systemic reaction affecting multiple organs

    • Outline the causes of autoimmunity in animals

    <p>Genetic predisposition, abnormal antigen display, inflammation, or cross-reactivity due to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation can autoimmunity be physiological?

    <p>When RBC lose CD47 during aging, allowing phagocytosis by macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can hidden antigens cause autoimmunity, and if so, how?

    <p>Yes, hidden antigens released after tissue damage can lead to autoantibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does AIRE play in autoimmunity?

    <p>Regulates tolerance by controlling the expression of self-antigens in the thymus; defects lead to autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rheumatoid factor (RF)?

    <p>An autoantibody against the Fc region of IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a disease in which RF is produced

    <p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is molecular mimicry?

    <p>A shared epitope between a pathogen and a host that induces autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what circumstances does molecular mimicry participate in autoimmunity?

    <p>When pathogens carry antigens that resemble host proteins, triggering an immune response against both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between molecular mimicry and bystander activation ?

    <p>Molecular mimicry is caused by cross-reactivity between pathogen and host antigens, while bystander activation is the stimulation of non-specific lymphocytes by cytokines during infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanisms are the basis for the pathology observed in autoimmune disorders?

    <p>Hypersensitivity types I, II, III and IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis develop in dogs?

    <p>By production of autoantibodies against thyroglobulin or thyroid peroxidase, blocking hormone production and infiltrating thyroid tissue with lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominating tissue damage mechanism in canine type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>T cell mediated destruction of B cells through type IV hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of tissue damage in dogs with Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>ADCC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target protein in autoimmune equine polyneuritis?

    <p>Myelin P2 protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of alopecia areata?

    <p>Autoantibodies against trichohyalin, a protein in hair follicles, leading to hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the autoimmune basis of Myasthenia gravis in jack russels

    <p>Autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors block nerve impulse transmission and destroy receptors via complement fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name at least three autoimmune disorders

    <p>Pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus vulgaris, alopecia areata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which skin autoimmune disease is collagen type XVII a target molecule?

    <p>Bulbous pemphigoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Bullous pemphigoid?

    <p>An autoimmune disease targeting type XVII collagen in the skin basal membrane, leading to subepidermal blisters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the skin is Pemphigus vulgaris located?

    <p>The epidermis, specifically targeting desmoglein 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

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