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Questions and Answers
What title was used for the Ruler before independence?
What title was used for the Ruler before independence?
Which role is responsible for issuing administrative decisions and regulations?
Which role is responsible for issuing administrative decisions and regulations?
Which law established an official gazette for Qatar?
Which law established an official gazette for Qatar?
Who became the legal advisor to the government in 1960?
Who became the legal advisor to the government in 1960?
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What was the primary focus of the higher administration established in 1962?
What was the primary focus of the higher administration established in 1962?
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In which decade did the Crown Prince, Shaykh Khalifa bin Hamad, gain significant influence?
In which decade did the Crown Prince, Shaykh Khalifa bin Hamad, gain significant influence?
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Which of the following responsibilities does the Crown Prince NOT have?
Which of the following responsibilities does the Crown Prince NOT have?
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What was established to regulate professions such as medicine and pharmacy?
What was established to regulate professions such as medicine and pharmacy?
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What was the main role of Shaykh Abdullah bin Jassim in the Qatari judiciary development?
What was the main role of Shaykh Abdullah bin Jassim in the Qatari judiciary development?
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Which agency was NOT part of the original three arms of general administration?
Which agency was NOT part of the original three arms of general administration?
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Who was appointed as the head of the judiciary in Qatar in 1941?
Who was appointed as the head of the judiciary in Qatar in 1941?
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What method was primarily used for resolving conflicts related to land before oil was discovered?
What method was primarily used for resolving conflicts related to land before oil was discovered?
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What significant change occurred in the Qatari judiciary after 1941?
What significant change occurred in the Qatari judiciary after 1941?
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What was the primary role of ship captains in the Qatari judiciary before the establishment of formal courts?
What was the primary role of ship captains in the Qatari judiciary before the establishment of formal courts?
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Why did Shaykh Abdullah bin Jassim resign in 1938?
Why did Shaykh Abdullah bin Jassim resign in 1938?
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What additional responsibilities were assigned to Shaykh Ibrahim bin Abdullah al-Ansari?
What additional responsibilities were assigned to Shaykh Ibrahim bin Abdullah al-Ansari?
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What was one of Qatar's characteristics before its independence in 1971?
What was one of Qatar's characteristics before its independence in 1971?
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Which event marked the issuance of Qatar's Temporary Basic Law?
Which event marked the issuance of Qatar's Temporary Basic Law?
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What role did Edward Henderson have in Qatar prior to its independence?
What role did Edward Henderson have in Qatar prior to its independence?
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What was specifically mentioned as a goal in Qatar's Basic Law of 1970?
What was specifically mentioned as a goal in Qatar's Basic Law of 1970?
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Which international organizations did Qatar join in the early 1960s?
Which international organizations did Qatar join in the early 1960s?
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What significant political role does the Emir of Qatar hold according to the Basic Law?
What significant political role does the Emir of Qatar hold according to the Basic Law?
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In what year did Qatar establish an office devoted to boycotting Israel?
In what year did Qatar establish an office devoted to boycotting Israel?
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What principle does the Basic Law state regarding the issuance of laws in Qatar?
What principle does the Basic Law state regarding the issuance of laws in Qatar?
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What did Article 22 of the Temporary Basic Law establish regarding leadership in Qatar?
What did Article 22 of the Temporary Basic Law establish regarding leadership in Qatar?
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When did Qatar officially become politically independent?
When did Qatar officially become politically independent?
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What role does the advisory council created by the basic law serve?
What role does the advisory council created by the basic law serve?
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What significant treaty was cancelled by Qatar in 1971?
What significant treaty was cancelled by Qatar in 1971?
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Which of the following was NOT a part of Shaykh Khalifa bin Hamad's announcement of independence?
Which of the following was NOT a part of Shaykh Khalifa bin Hamad's announcement of independence?
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What was the status of Qatar's foreign policy before independence?
What was the status of Qatar's foreign policy before independence?
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On what date did Qatar join the Arab League?
On what date did Qatar join the Arab League?
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Who became the Emir of Qatar on 22 February 1972?
Who became the Emir of Qatar on 22 February 1972?
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What was the currency introduced by the Qatar Dubai Currency Council in 1966?
What was the currency introduced by the Qatar Dubai Currency Council in 1966?
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What prompted the British withdrawal from Qatar in 1968?
What prompted the British withdrawal from Qatar in 1968?
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Which of the following was NOT a reason for British withdrawal from the Gulf region?
Which of the following was NOT a reason for British withdrawal from the Gulf region?
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When did Qatar officially create its basic law (constitution)?
When did Qatar officially create its basic law (constitution)?
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What was the primary objective of the Unification Project involving Qatar in February 1968?
What was the primary objective of the Unification Project involving Qatar in February 1968?
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Which emirate did NOT participate in the discussions for the federation in 1968?
Which emirate did NOT participate in the discussions for the federation in 1968?
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What was one major outcome of the Dubai Agreement issued by the rulers in February 1968?
What was one major outcome of the Dubai Agreement issued by the rulers in February 1968?
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Which country's increased presence contributed to the British decision to withdraw from Qatar?
Which country's increased presence contributed to the British decision to withdraw from Qatar?
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Study Notes
Government Organization
- The Emir holds ultimate authority over all branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial.
- The title of "Ruler" changed to "Emir" after Qatar's independence.
- The Crown Prince acts as the Ruler’s Deputy, responsible for planning government projects, suggesting laws, and issuing administrative decisions.
- Shaykh Khalifa bin Hamad emerged as a significant figure in the 1960s, holding various important positions, including the first Minister of Finance.
Legal and Legislative Developments
- Qatar began modernizing its legal system in 1960 under legal advisor Dr. Hassan Kamil.
- Official gazette established to publish state laws and regulations.
- Key laws enacted:
- Qatar Nationality Law (1961)
- Company Law
- Regulations for private professions including medicine and dentistry.
- 1962 saw the formation of a higher administration for government agencies, focusing on public policy and government monitoring.
Judicial Authority
- Prior to oil discovery, the judiciary operated under tribal frameworks with no formal writing or record-keeping.
- 1913: Shaykh Abdullah bin Jassim worked with jurist Shaykh Muhammad to enhance judicial practices.
- 1941: Shaykh Abdullah bin Zayd Al Mahmoud became head of judiciary, establishing a Sharia court and record-keeping systems.
Currency and Financial Developments
- In 1966, the Qatar Dubai currency council introduced the Qatar Dubai riyal.
- In 1973, new Qatar Currency Agency issued the Qatari riyal after Dubai joined the UAE.
British Withdrawal from Qatar
- 1968 marked the British decision to withdraw due to:
- Emergence of US influence and oil interests in the Middle East.
- Rise of Arab nationalism and anti-colonial sentiments.
- Decline of British economic power post-WWII and military expense reductions.
Unification Project with the UAE
- In February 1968, talks began for a United Arab Federation among the Gulf emirates after British announced their withdrawal.
- The Dubai Agreement aimed for a federation of nine emirates but collapsed due to competition and differing aspirations.
Qatar’s International Relations
- Qatar maintained a degree of independence from British oversight prior to 1971.
- Engaged in regional activities, joining organizations like UNESCO and the WHO, and participating in OPEC conferences.
- Initiated efforts for a shared Gulf market in the early 1960s.
The Basic Law of 1970 (Constitution)
- Issued on July 2, 1970, with 77 articles outlining governance, state policy, and citizens' rights.
- Established the Emir’s executive authority, supported by the Crown Prince and a cabinet.
- Introduced an advisory council for legislative discussions and recommendations to the Emir.
Independence of Qatar
- Political independence was achieved on September 1, 1971, ending the 1916 protection treaty with Britain.
- Announcements of independence included support for Palestinian rights and the establishment of a Foreign Ministry.
- Qatar joined the Arab League and the UN shortly after independence.
- Shaykh Khalifa bin Hamad became the new Emir on February 22, 1972.
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Description
Explore the structure and evolution of Qatar's government, including the roles of the Emir and Crown Prince. Delve into the modernization of Qatar's legal system starting in the 1960s and the significant laws that shaped it. This quiz will test your knowledge of key legislative changes and historical figures in Qatar's governance.
