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Questions and Answers
Explain the concept of Lambda Functions and provide an application in Python.
Explain the concept of Lambda Functions and provide an application in Python.
Lambda functions are small, anonymous functions in Python that can have any number of arguments, but can only have one expression. An example application of lambda functions is in sorting or filtering lists, where a simple function is needed temporarily and does not need to be named.
Describe the concepts of Concurrency and Parallelism, and explain how they are implemented in Python.
Describe the concepts of Concurrency and Parallelism, and explain how they are implemented in Python.
Concurrency and parallelism are concepts related to executing multiple tasks simultaneously. Concurrency refers to the ability of different parts or units of a program to be executed out-of-order or in partial order, without affecting the final outcome. Parallelism, on the other hand, refers to the simultaneous execution of multiple tasks at the same time. In Python, concurrency can be implemented using libraries like asyncio and threading, while parallelism can be achieved using libraries like multiprocessing and concurrent.futures.
Explain the concept of Inheritance and Polymorphism in object-oriented programming, and provide an example of their use in Python.
Explain the concept of Inheritance and Polymorphism in object-oriented programming, and provide an example of their use in Python.
Inheritance allows a new class to inherit properties and methods from an existing class. Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. An example in Python could be a base class 'Animal' with subclasses 'Dog' and 'Cat' inheriting from it. Polymorphism can be demonstrated by having a method 'make_sound' in both 'Dog' and 'Cat' classes, which can be called on objects of either class without knowing their specific type.
Which type of method in Python is used to access and modify class variables?
Which type of method in Python is used to access and modify class variables?
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What is the purpose of the 'super' function in Python?
What is the purpose of the 'super' function in Python?
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Which notation is used to describe the complexity of general Python programs?
Which notation is used to describe the complexity of general Python programs?
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Study Notes
Lambda Functions
- A lambda function is a small, anonymous function that can take any number of arguments, but can only have one expression
- It is used to define small, one-time use functions
- Syntax:
lambda arguments: expression - Example in Python:
sum = lambda x, y: x + y
Concurrency and Parallelism
- Concurrency: the ability of a program to perform multiple tasks simultaneously, but not necessarily at the same time
- Parallelism: the ability of a program to perform multiple tasks at the same time
- In Python, concurrency can be achieved using threads, which are lightweight and share the same memory space
- Python's Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) allows only one thread to execute at a time, but libraries like
multiprocessingcan be used to achieve parallelism
Inheritance and Polymorphism
- Inheritance: a mechanism in which one class can inherit the properties and behavior of another class
- Polymorphism: the ability of an object to take on multiple forms, depending on the context
- In Python, inheritance is implemented using the
classkeyword, and polymorphism is achieved through method overriding - Example in Python:
class Animal:
def sound(self):
print("The animal makes a sound")
class Dog(Animal):
def sound(self):
print("The dog barks")
Class Variables and Methods
- In Python, class variables are used to share data between instances of a class
- A class method is used to access and modify class variables
- Class methods are denoted by the
@classmethoddecorator
The 'super' Function
- The
superfunction is used to access the parent class from a child class - It is used to call the parent class's methods, especially in cases of multiple inheritance
Complexity Notation
- Big O notation is used to describe the complexity of general Python programs
- It provides an upper bound on the number of steps a program takes to complete, relative to the size of the input
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Description
Test your knowledge of advanced Python concepts such as lambda functions, exception handling, concurrency, object-oriented programming, inheritance, polymorphism, algorithmic complexity, searching, and sorting.
