IDC Head & Neck Pt. 1

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for pupillary constriction?

What is the expected pupillary response when a light is shone into one eye?

Which of the following is NOT a component of the near reaction (accommodation)?

What term describes excessive constriction of the pupils?

A patient presents with unequal pupil sizes. What is the most appropriate term to document this finding?

What is the typical range of normal pupillary size in millimeters (mm) under average lighting conditions?

When assessing pupillary reaction to light, absence of the consensual response in the left eye when shining a light in the right eye suggests a lesion in which structure?

A patient complains of blurred vision when reading up close, but distance vision remains clear. Which component of the near reaction is most likely impaired?

A patient's pupils are both fixed and dilated. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?

During a physical examination, you note that your patient's left pupil constricts when you shine a light into their left eye, but the right pupil does not constrict at all. However, when you shine the light into the right eye, the left pupil constricts. What is the most likely cause of these findings?

When examining a child, which of the following pupillary responses would be considered normal?

The nurse is assessing a 10-year-old child's vision during a routine check-up. Which of the following findings requires further evaluation?

What is the best way to measure pupil size?

Which of the following is most accurate about pupillary assessment?

What is the most common cause of mydriasis in children?

You observe that a newborn's eyes do not consistently move together and occasionally appear crossed. What would be the next best step?

During an examination of a 6-month-old infant, you note the presence of leukocoria (a white reflex in the pupil). Which of the following conditions is MOST likely?

A teenager reports experiencing occasional double vision (diplopia). Besides neurological causes, what else should you consider?

An adolescent is diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis. What instructions are most important to provide to prevent the spread of infection?

Which of the following is true when assessing the pupillary light reflex?

A patient is 20 feet away from a Snellen chart and can read the line marked 20/50. What does this indicate about their vision?

A patient who is unable to read any of the lines on a Snellen chart at 20 feet should have their vision assessed using which of the following methods?

What does '20/30 corrected' indicate when documenting a patient's visual acuity?

A 50-year-old patient reports difficulty reading small print up close, and states they need to hold reading material further away to see it clearly. Which condition is MOST likely responsible for this?

At what distance should a handheld vision card be held from the patient's eyes when testing near vision?

Which of the following test methods is MOST appropriate for assessing visual acuity in a two-year-old child?

Which refractive error causes focusing problems for distance vision?

A patient with legal blindness due to a constricted field of vision would have a visual field of what?

A patient reports blurred vision at both near and far distances. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause?

When screening visual acuity without a standard eye chart, what is an acceptable alternative?

Which of the following instructions is MOST important to give a patient during Snellen chart testing to ensure accurate results?

What is the primary reason for using a card, rather than fingers, when covering one eye during visual acuity testing?

How does correcting myopia improve vision?

When assessing distance vision, what adjustment should be made for patients who wear glasses?

What must be noted along with the visual acuity score?

If a patient can't read the largest letter on the Snellen eye chart, what is the next step?

What does the Tumbling E chart require the patient to do?

What should you do if a patient is having difficulty reading all the letters on a line of the Snellen chart?

How should visual acuity be tested in a well-lit area?

What type of vision problem does hyperopia cause?

In visual field diagrams, from whose perspective are the fields conventionally represented?

Where is the normal blind spot located in each eye's visual field relative to the line of gaze?

What anatomical structures typically limit the normal visual field?

What phenomenon is enabled by the binocular overlap of visual fields?

What is a key limitation of confrontation visual field testing?

What type of specialized ophthalmologic test is needed for a definitive diagnosis of a visual field defect?

Which of the following conditions is typically associated with anterior visual pathway defects?

Which of the following conditions primarily results in posterior visual pathway defects?

In the static finger wiggle test, what action should the examiner take to mirror the patient's field of view when testing the patient's right eye?

During the finger wiggle test, at what point should the patient indicate when they first see the examiner's fingers?

What is the most important action during the finger wiggle test?

What does it indicate if a patient repeatedly does not see your fingers until they have crossed the line of gaze in the left eye?

A patient consistently misses the temporal field in both eyes during confrontation testing. Which of the following visual field defects is MOST likely?

During confrontation testing, you notice the patient has difficulty seeing objects in the upper quadrants of their visual field. This pattern is MOST indicative of damage to which area?

You are performing a static finger wiggle test on a patient. While testing the right eye, you notice they consistently do not perceive your fingers until they are very close to the center of their visual field. How should this finding be documented?

You suspect a patient has a visual field defect but confrontation testing is inconclusive. What is your MOST appropriate next step?

After completing the static finger wiggle test, you suspect your patient has a complete loss of vision in one eye. Which of the following is MOST important to assess next?

A patient presents with a suspected lesion affecting the optic chiasm. Which visual field defect would you MOST likely expect to find during confrontation testing?

Which of the following cranial nerves is MOST directly related to the visual field?

A patient complains of gradually worsening peripheral vision bilaterally. Which eye condition is MOST likely?

Asymmetry of corneal light reflections during an EOM assessment indicates which of the following?

Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle, enabling lateral eye movement?

During EOM testing, a patient exhibits a fine, rhythmic oscillation of the eyes at extreme lateral gaze. What is the most appropriate initial action?

In the context of extraocular muscle function, what is indicated by the term 'conjugate gaze'?

A patient is asked to follow a finger moving from upward to downward gaze. A visible rim of sclera above the iris is noted. This finding is most indicative of what condition?

During an EOM assessment, a patient is unable to adduct the left eye. Which cranial nerve and muscle are most likely affected?

When assessing convergence, the eyes should normally be able to follow an object to what distance from the bridge of the nose?

What is the primary purpose of the cover-uncover test during an eye examination?

A patient demonstrates sustained nystagmus within the binocular field of gaze. This finding is MOST likely associated with which of the following conditions?

Which of the following best describes the correct technique for assessing extraocular movements?

A temporal light reflection on one cornea during the corneal light reflex test suggests what?

Which cranial nerve is responsible for innervating the superior oblique muscle?

What should you instruct the patient to do if you are evaluating for lid lag?

A patient's left eye deviates medially. Which muscle is MOST likely weakened?

When performing the cover-uncover test, you cover the patient's right eye, and the left eye shifts inward to fixate. What does this indicate?

During EOM testing, your finger should be held at what distance from the patient?

If a middle-aged patient is having difficulty focusing during the EOM test, what should you do?

If a patient moves their head while following your finger during EOM testing, what should you do?

Which of the following is NOT one of the extraocular muscles?

Which of the following is NOT a cause of sustained nystagmus?

What findings should be referred to an ophthalmologist?

A patient presents with a suspected retinal detachment during an ophthalmoscopic exam. What would you most likely observe?

During an ophthalmoscopic examination, retinal structures appear smaller than normal. Which condition might be responsible for this observation?

What does an enlarged cup on fundoscopic examination suggest?

What causes retinal structures in a myopic eye look larger than normal?

Besides high intracranial pressures and glaucoma, what other condition is associated with loss of SVPs?

When is absence of the red reflex typically noted?

Why are observations of pupillary reactions essential in patients with a head injury?

What is the magnification provided by the ophthalmoscope when examining the optic disc and the retina?

If the light rays are focusing posterior to the retina, what condition does the patient have?

What is the expected appearance of the optic disc?

What is a key early finding in dry atrophic macular degeneration?

What does the normal optic disc measure?

You are examining a patient who is pregnant. What should you consider before administering Mydriatic drops?

What condition is dry atrophic macular degeneration associated with?

What does the optic disc look like with high intracranial pressures?

What type of ophthalmoscope allows a greater field of view?

What is the technique to examine your patients’ eyes?

A patient with myopia undergoes an ophthalmoscopic examination. How are retinal structures expect to appear?

A patient presents with a history of narrow-angle glaucoma. What should the physician consider before administering mydriatic drops?

During the whispered voice test, what is the primary reason for standing behind the patient?

In the whispered voice test, what constitutes a passing score for an individual ear?

A patient reports difficulty understanding speech, particularly in noisy environments, often stating that others seem to mumble. This is MOST indicative of what type of hearing loss?

Which class of medications is known to cause permanent hearing loss?

Presbycusis typically involves the gradual loss of hearing acuity, particularly affecting which range of frequencies?

A patient fails the whispered voice test in both ears. What is the MOST appropriate next step in assessing their hearing?

A patient with unilateral hearing loss undergoes the Weber test. The sound lateralizes to the impaired ear. This finding suggests what type of hearing loss?

During the Rinne test, bone conduction (BC) is greater than air conduction (AC). What type of hearing loss is MOST likely?

In a patient with sensorineural hearing loss, how would air conduction (AC) compare to bone conduction (BC) in the Rinne test?

What is the recommended frequency for the tuning fork used in Weber and Rinne tests?

What is the initial step in performing the Weber test?

What should the examiner instruct the patient to do while performing the Weber test?

What is the first step in the Rinne test?

During the Rinne test, after the patient no longer hears the sound via bone conduction, what is the next step?

A patient has unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in their right ear. How would you expect the sound to lateralize during the Weber test?

A patient with suspected hearing loss reports that noisy environments seem to improve their ability to hear. This is MOST suggestive of:

Which of the following medications is known to cause temporary hearing damage?

If a patient fails the whispered voice test, and the Weber test lateralizes to the left ear, what does this combination of results suggest?

A patient reports sudden onset hearing loss in one ear without any known cause. What is the MOST appropriate next step?

When performing the whispered voice test, what action should be taken to the non-test ear?

Which lymph node location is found midline a few centimeters behind the tip of the mandible?

Where are the submandibular lymph nodes located?

The preauricular lymph nodes are located in which area?

Where are the posterior auricular lymph nodes situated?

The tonsillar lymph nodes are located at which anatomical landmark?

Where are the occipital lymph nodes located?

The anterior superficial cervical lymph nodes are positioned in which area?

Where are the posterior cervical lymph nodes found?

Which statement accurately describes the location of the deep cervical chain lymph nodes?

Where are the supraclavicular lymph nodes located?

Enlargement of the left supraclavicular node (Virchow’s node) is MOST concerning for metastasis from which region?

Which characteristics describe lymph nodes that are often found in healthy individuals?

Tender lymph nodes are most suggestive of what condition?

Hard or fixed lymph nodes are MOST concerning for what condition?

Generalized lymphadenopathy is commonly observed in which of the following conditions?

When examining the lymph nodes, what characteristics should be noted?

During a lymph node examination, you encounter a structure that feels like a node. What technique can help differentiate it from a muscle band or artery?

Which of the following is the MOST suitable technique for palpating cervical lymph nodes?

To enhance the palpation of cervical lymph nodes, how should the patient be positioned?

What does palpating small, mobile, discrete, nontender nodes indicate??

During an otoscopic examination, which action is MOST appropriate for straightening the ear canal in an adult?

A positive 'tug test,' eliciting pain with movement of the auricle or tragus, is MOST indicative of:

During otoscopic examination, you observe a red, bulging tympanic membrane. This finding is MOST consistent with:

When examining the tympanic membrane, an amber color is MOST suggestive of:

During otoscopy, you note a prominent short process and a more horizontal handle of the malleus. This finding suggests:

Which of the following findings on otoscopic examination is MOST suggestive of chronic otitis externa?

Absence of mobility of the tympanic membrane during pneumatic otoscopy is MOST indicative of:

When performing otoscopy on a patient complaining of ear pain, tenderness upon palpation of the mastoid area suggests:

What is the MOST appropriate size of ear speculum to use when performing otoscopy?

During an ear examination, you observe swelling, narrowing, and erythema of the ear canal. These findings are MOST consistent with:

Which of the following structures can be identified through the tympanic membrane during otoscopic examination?

When assessing the tympanic membrane, what does the cone of light help with?

You are performing otoscopy and observe a retracted tympanic membrane. Which of the following is MOST likely to be present?

Where should you direct your otoscope to best visualize the pars flaccida?

Which pneumatic otoscopy finding suggests poor tympanic membrane mobility?

When assessing the ear canal during otoscopy, abundant cerumen obscures your view of the tympanic membrane. What is your next MOST appropriate step?

A patient presents with ear pain, and during otoscopic examination, you observe a moist, pale, and swollen ear canal. Which condition is MOST likely?

To optimally visualize the tympanic membrane with an otoscope, the examiner should:

A patient reports decreased hearing and a sensation of fullness in one ear. On examination, the tympanic membrane appears normal, but pneumatic otoscopy reveals significantly reduced mobility. What is the MOST likely cause of these findings?

During an otoscopic examination, you suspect a small perforation in the tympanic membrane. What technique would be MOST helpful in confirming your suspicion?

When examining the nasal cavity, what is the MOST common normal finding regarding the nasal septum?

When using an otoscope to examine the nasal cavity, what is the MOST appropriate direction to insert the speculum?

When differentiating between viral and allergic rhinitis through nasal mucosa inspection, what color changes are MOST indicative of allergic rhinitis?

A patient presents with frequent nosebleeds. Upon examination, from which area of the nasal septum do nosebleeds MOST commonly originate?

What conditions are commonly associated with the presence of nasal polyps?

Which factors can contribute to a septal perforation?

When palpating the paranasal sinuses, what finding, in addition to tenderness, MOST strongly suggests acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?

Where is Kiesselbach's plexus (Little's area) located in the nasal cavity, and why is it clinically significant?

What is the MAIN purpose of palpating the frontal and maxillary sinuses during a physical examination?

During a nasal examination, what is the BEST way to differentiate between a deviated septum that is clinically significant and one that is a normal variation?

Which of the following is the MOST important step to take before using an otoscope to examine a child's nasal cavity?

What specific instruction should the examiner provide to a child during palpation of the sinuses?

During an examination of a child with suspected allergic rhinitis, what observation of the nasal mucosa would be MOST consistent with this condition?

When examining an adolescent patient with a history of recurrent epistaxis, what area must be MOST carefully inspected?

What is the significance of identifying nasal polyps during a nasal examination in a child, especially in the context of chronic conditions?

A young patient presents with nasal congestion, facial pain, and a persistent cough. These symptoms have persisted for over ten days despite treatment with over-the-counter medications. What is the MOST appropriate next step?

When examining a child's nose, why is it important to identify the presence of any foreign bodies?

An adolescent patient with a history of seasonal allergies presents with complaints of nasal congestion and frequent sneezing. What aspect of their history would be MOST important to explore further?

What is the PRIMARY function of examining the nasal septum in children and adolescents?

If a middle school-aged child is experiencing persistent nasal congestion and discharge, what additional information should be gathered during the history taking to help identify the cause?

Which of the following is the MOST important demographic risk factor to consider when evaluating a patient for potential oral cancer during a routine examination?

What is the MOST appropriate method for detecting early-stage oral cancers on the tongue during a physical examination?

During an oral examination, you observe a persistent, indurated white lesion on the side of a patient's tongue. What is the MOST appropriate next step?

During an examination of the oral cavity, you note that the patient's uvula deviates to the right when they say "ah." This finding suggests possible paralysis of which cranial nerve and on which side?

While examining a patient's throat, you observe significant tonsillar exudates and a beefy red uvula. Which of the following conditions should you suspect?

A patient presents with asymmetric tonsils discovered during a routine oral examination. What is the MOST important consideration regarding this finding?

During an oral exam, what is the primary purpose of asking the patient to stick out their tongue?

You are examining a patient's hard palate and notice a bony protuberance in the midline. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

After completing an examination of the oral cavity and pharynx, what is the appropriate disposal method for the tongue blade used during the assessment?

When evaluating a patient's pharynx, which of the following structures should be inspected?

What is the MOST appropriate action when palpating suspicious lesions in the oral cavity?

A patient's soft palate does not rise when they say 'ah,' and the uvula deviates. This indicates:

You are examining the floor of the mouth, which is MOST important to assess?

What action should be taken after you have asked the patient to stick out their tongue?

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate method for inspecting the pharynx?

Which of the following is NOT part of a standard examination of the oral cavity?

What is the MOST concerning finding during inspection of the roof of the mouth?

Besides streptococcal pharyngitis, what other condition can result in tonsillar exudates?

A patient is being evaluated for oral cancer. Which area of the oral cavity is MOST commonly affected?

A patient presents with throat pain and fever. The uvula is beefy and red. What rapid test should be ordered?