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Questions and Answers
What is the location of the pretectal nucleus in the midbrain?
What is the location of the pretectal nucleus in the midbrain?
- At the level of the superior colliculus (correct)
- At the level of the inferior colliculus
- At the level of the pons
- At the level of the medulla oblongata
What type of nerve fibers exit the midbrain with CNIII?
What type of nerve fibers exit the midbrain with CNIII?
- Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers
- Preganglionic sympathetic fibers
- Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
- Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers (correct)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for causing both pupils to constrict in response to light?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for causing both pupils to constrict in response to light?
- Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens Nerve)
- Cranial Nerve II (Optic Nerve)
- Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor Nerve) (correct)
- Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear Nerve)
How many neurons are involved in the afferent pathway of the pupillary light reflex?
How many neurons are involved in the afferent pathway of the pupillary light reflex?
What is the location of the ciliospinal center of Budge?
What is the location of the ciliospinal center of Budge?
What type of muscle is innervated by the 4th neuron arc in the afferent pathway of the pupillary light reflex?
What type of muscle is innervated by the 4th neuron arc in the afferent pathway of the pupillary light reflex?
What is the purpose of the swinging flashlight test or Marcus Gunn test?
What is the purpose of the swinging flashlight test or Marcus Gunn test?
What is the normal response of the pupils during the swinging flashlight test?
What is the normal response of the pupils during the swinging flashlight test?
What is the characteristic of an affected eye in an afferent pupillary defect (APD)?
What is the characteristic of an affected eye in an afferent pupillary defect (APD)?
What is a common error in APD testing?
What is a common error in APD testing?
What is the grading scale for the speed of pupil reaction?
What is the grading scale for the speed of pupil reaction?
What is the purpose of the distance target in the swinging flashlight test?
What is the purpose of the distance target in the swinging flashlight test?
What is the site of lesion in Argyll Robertson pupil?
What is the site of lesion in Argyll Robertson pupil?
What is the characteristic feature of Adie's tonic pupil?
What is the characteristic feature of Adie's tonic pupil?
What is the cause of Adie's tonic pupil?
What is the cause of Adie's tonic pupil?
What is a common finding on slit lamp examination of Adie's tonic pupil?
What is a common finding on slit lamp examination of Adie's tonic pupil?
What is a characteristic of the affected pupil in Adie's tonic pupil?
What is a characteristic of the affected pupil in Adie's tonic pupil?
What is the name of the muscle that is primarily paralyzed in Horner's Syndrome, leading to ptosis?
What is the name of the muscle that is primarily paralyzed in Horner's Syndrome, leading to ptosis?
What is the term for the condition where the lower lid is slightly elevated due to loss of nerve supply in Horner's Syndrome?
What is the term for the condition where the lower lid is slightly elevated due to loss of nerve supply in Horner's Syndrome?
What is the characteristic of anisocoria in Horner's Syndrome?
What is the characteristic of anisocoria in Horner's Syndrome?
Which type of Horner's Syndrome is not associated with anhidrosis?
Which type of Horner's Syndrome is not associated with anhidrosis?
What is a common cause of preganglionic Horner's Syndrome?
What is a common cause of preganglionic Horner's Syndrome?
What is a characteristic of congenital Horner's Syndrome?
What is a characteristic of congenital Horner's Syndrome?
What is the primary concern when managing isolated III CN palsy with pupil involvement?
What is the primary concern when managing isolated III CN palsy with pupil involvement?
What is the recommended follow-up for patients with ischemic III CN palsy with pupillary sparing?
What is the recommended follow-up for patients with ischemic III CN palsy with pupillary sparing?
What is the indication for ordering neuro testing in patients with III CN palsy?
What is the indication for ordering neuro testing in patients with III CN palsy?
What is the most common cause of isolated III CN palsy?
What is the most common cause of isolated III CN palsy?
What is the recommended management for patients with III CN palsy with pupillary sparing and a known vascular condition?
What is the recommended management for patients with III CN palsy with pupillary sparing and a known vascular condition?
What is the significance of pupillary sparing in III CN palsy?
What is the significance of pupillary sparing in III CN palsy?
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