4.2

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What led to the establishment of the Roman Republic?

The assassination of Julius Caesar
A victory in the Punic Wars
A peaceful transition of power
The overthrow of the last Roman king (correct)

The Punic Wars were fought between Rome and Greece.

False (B)

What was the primary goal of both Rome and Carthage during the Punic Wars?

To dominate trade routes across the Mediterranean Sea

The Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with elephants was named ______.

Hannibal Signup and view all the answers

The Phoenicians who founded Carthage were known to the Romans as:

Punici (B) Signup and view all the answers

The First Punic War concluded with a decisive Carthaginian victory.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what modern-day country was Carthage located?

Tunisia Signup and view all the answers

How many major conflicts make up the Punic Wars?

Three (B) Signup and view all the answers

The First Punic War began in the year ______.

264 BC Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their descriptions:

Overthrow of the last king of Rome = Establishment of the Roman Republic First Punic War = Rome defeated Carthage Hannibal crossing the Alps = Surprised the Romans in 218 BC Control of Mediterranean trade routes = Goal of both Rome and Carthage Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Roman soldiers serving far from home during the Punic Wars?

Soldiers' families sold their farms and moved to the city. (A) Signup and view all the answers

The Optimates represented the interests of the lower classes in the Roman Republic.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who benefited from soldiers being away from home during the Punic Wars?

The rich Romans/Patricians Signup and view all the answers

During the Punic Wars, Roman soldiers were often away from home for more than a ______.

year Signup and view all the answers

Match the political groups in the Roman Republic with their described interests:

Optimates = Represented the interests of the upper class Populares = Wanted to help the lower class Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason Roman soldiers' families sold their farms?

They could not keep up with farm work while the soldiers were away. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Caius Marius was a leader of the Optimates.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the two political parties that emerged during this period of the Roman Republic.

Optimates or Populares Signup and view all the answers

The Punic Wars were fought between the Roman Republic and the ________ Empire.

Carthaginian Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following locations was part of the Carthaginian Empire during the Punic Wars?

Corsica (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who began rewarding soldiers with land in exchange for military service?

Marius (D) Signup and view all the answers

A civil war is when two different countries fight against each other.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Julius Caesar become dictator for life?

49 BC Signup and view all the answers

Caesar famously declared 'Give the people ______ and games and they will be happy'.

bread Signup and view all the answers

Match the proverb with its meaning:

Rome wasn't built in a day = Things take time to accomplish All roads lead to Rome = Many paths can lead to the same outcome Signup and view all the answers

What did Caesar do to gain popularity with his soldiers and the Roman people?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was Octavian's official title after becoming the first Roman Emperor?

Augustus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Julius Caesar was murdered by a group of senators including his friend Marcus Junius Brutus.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Octavian was appointed as Caesar's successor after Caesar's death.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who did Octavian fight a civil war against to become the sole ruler of Rome?

Mark Antony Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of Caesar's son with Cleopatra?

Caesarion Signup and view all the answers

According to Suetonius, Caesar's last words were in ______

Greek Signup and view all the answers

Octavian claimed he wanted to restore the ________.

Republic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a title that Augustus strategically accepted to gain power?

General (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what modern-day country was Gaul, where Caesar lead legions?

France (C) Signup and view all the answers

Roman society rejected Greek styles of art and culture.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What material did Emperor Augustus prefer to use when building temples and forums?

marble Signup and view all the answers

Roman victories over Carthage and Greece led to the expansion of Rome throughout the __________.

Mediterranean Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Roman groups/figures with their roles or actions:

Octavian = First Roman Emperor Marius = Led soldiers to gain loyalty Populares = Fought for land reform Optimates = Opposed extensive land reform Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Roman soldiers being away from home for extended periods of time?

Loss of land to wealthy citizens (D) Signup and view all the answers

End of Roman Monarchy

The final ruler of Rome was overthrown, leading to the establishment of a new form of government: a republic, where senators and consuls made decisions.

Roman Expansion in Italy

The republic's powerful military allowed them to expand their territory throughout Italy, demonstrating their growing strength.

The Punic Wars

The Punic Wars were a series of three major conflicts between Rome and Carthage, two powerful city-states vying for control of important trade routes in the Mediterranean Sea.

Carthage: City-State Rival of Rome

Located in modern-day Tunisia, the powerful city-state of Carthage was founded by the Phoenicians (called "Punici" by the Romans) and rose to prominence in the 9th century BC. Its powerful army and navy controlled various regions, including North Africa, Spain, and parts of Italy.