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Questions and Answers
What is primarily responsible for the downward movement of the lungs during inspiration?
What is primarily responsible for the downward movement of the lungs during inspiration?
- Contraction of the diaphragm (correct)
- Contraction of the intercostal muscles
- Relaxation of the abdominal muscles
- Elevation of the rib cage
How much air does the Tidal Volume (TV) represent in a normal breath?
How much air does the Tidal Volume (TV) represent in a normal breath?
- 1000 ml
- 500 ml (correct)
- 1500 ml
- 3000 ml
Which of the following correctly describes the Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?
Which of the following correctly describes the Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?
- The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired
- The amount of air left inside the lungs after normal expiration (correct)
- The amount of air left after maximal inspiration
- The maximum volume of air inspired following an expiration
What happens during expiration as a result of the diaphragm's action?
What happens during expiration as a result of the diaphragm's action?
Which of the following represents the sum of Tidal Volume and Inspiratory Reserve Volume?
Which of the following represents the sum of Tidal Volume and Inspiratory Reserve Volume?
Flashcards
Tidal Volume (TV)
Tidal Volume (TV)
The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
The maximal amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal breath.
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
The maximal amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal breath.
Residual Volume (RV)
Residual Volume (RV)
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Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
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Study Notes
Pulmonary Ventilation Mechanics
- Lungs expand and contract via two primary mechanisms:
- Diaphragm movement changes the vertical diameter of the chest cavity.
- Rib movement alters the anteroposterior diameter of the chest cavity.
Diaphragmatic Movement
- Inspiration: Diaphragm contracts, pulling the lungs downward.
- Expiration: Diaphragm relaxes, allowing lung recoil (elasticity of lungs, chest wall, and abdomen) to push air out.
Rib Movement
- Resting Position: Ribs slope, allowing the sternum to rest slightly posterior to the spine.
- Inspiration: Ribs elevate and project forward, moving the sternum away from the spine, enlarging the anteroposterior diameter of the chest. This increases the chest cavity's size by about 20% during maximum inspiration compared to exhalation.
Lung Volumes and Capacities
- Tidal Volume (TV): Amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath, 500 ml.
- Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): Additional air that can be inhaled after a normal breath, 3000 ml.
- Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): Additional air that can be exhaled after a normal breath, 1000 ml.
- Residual Volume (RV): Air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation, 1500 ml.
- Inspiratory Capacity (IC): Total amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation, equal to TV + IRV.
- Functional Residual Capacity (FRC): Air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation, equal to RV + ERV.
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