29 Questions
Which layer of the embryo forms the neural tube and continues development within the mesoderm?
Mesoderm
Which layer of the embryo gives rise to the cardiovascular system?
Mesoderm
Which structure divides the superior and inferior mediastinum?
Pericardium
Which system originates from the ventral wall of the primitive foregut endoderm?
Respiratory system
Which structure forms the future lobes of the lungs?
Bronchial buds
Which structures form the bony framework of the thoracic wall?
12 ribs and 12 thoracic vertebrae
Which muscles function in respiration by moving the ribs, thereby changing the volume of the thoracic cavity?
External intercostal, internal intercostal, innermost intercostal, subcostal, and transversus thoracic muscle
Which ribs articulate with the sternum anteriorly?
First seven true ribs
Which muscles have attachments to and are superficial to or act as extensions of the thorax?
Some muscles
What is the function of the thoracic wall?
Movement, respiration, and protection of the thoracic cavity
Which structures compose the posterior thoracic wall?
Thoracic vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
Which nerves are responsible for the sympathetic innervation of the thoracic wall?
Thoracic sympathetic ganglia
Where does the vagus nerve exit the thoracic cavity?
Through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
Which nerve is particularly at risk during thyroid surgery?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is the function of the phrenic nerves?
Provide motor innervation to the diaphragm
Which muscles change the volume of the thoracic cavity for respiration to occur?
External intercostal, internal intercostal, innermost intercostal
Which muscle forms the inferior border of the thoracic cavity separating the abdomen from the thorax?
Diaphragm
Which artery supplies the blood to the thoracic wall predominantly from the anterior side?
Internal mammary artery
Which artery supplies the blood to the lateral thoracic wall?
Axillary artery
Which artery supplies the blood to the posterior thoracic wall?
Dorsal scapular artery
Which artery supplies the blood to the head, upper limb, and thoracic wall?
Brachiocephalic trunk
Which vein drains blood from the abdomen and lower limbs into the right atrium?
Inferior vena cava
Which duct drains the lymphatic system of the whole body, apart from the right upper limb and right side of the head?
Cisterna chyli
Which muscles extend inferiorly in the thoracic cavity?
Quadratus lumborum, psoas major/minor, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis muscles
Which structures are likely to be compressed by a mass in the superior mediastinum near the right brachiocephalic vein?
Right brachiocephalic vein and right lymphatic duct
What can multiple rib fractures resulting in a flail chest alter?
Normal physiology of the thoracic wall
What can displacement of the rib internally cause?
Bleeding within the pleural cavity or lung
What condition occurs when air accumulates in the pleural cavity and shifts mediastinal structures away from the tension pneumothorax?
Tension pneumothorax
What can pericardial effusion ultimately limit within the middle mediastinum?
Space available for the heart within the middle mediastinum
Test your knowledge on the development and function of the pulmonary surfactant, alveoli maturation, and thymus development with this quiz. Explore the blood supply and lymphatics of the thoracic wall as well.
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