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Questions and Answers
Which embryonic structure contributes to the formation of laryngeal cartilages (arytenoid and cricoid) and connective tissue?
Which embryonic structure contributes to the formation of laryngeal cartilages (arytenoid and cricoid) and connective tissue?
- Neural crest
- Paraxial mesoderm
- Ectodermal placodes
- Lateral mesoderm (correct)
Which embryonic structure forms a large portion of the membranous and cartilaginous components of the neurocranium (skull)?
Which embryonic structure forms a large portion of the membranous and cartilaginous components of the neurocranium (skull)?
- Paraxial mesoderm (correct)
- Neural crest
- Ectodermal placodes
- Lateral mesoderm
Which embryonic structure forms the entire viscerocranium (face) and parts of the membranous and cartilaginous regions of the neurocranium (skull)?
Which embryonic structure forms the entire viscerocranium (face) and parts of the membranous and cartilaginous regions of the neurocranium (skull)?
- Paraxial mesoderm
- Neural crest (correct)
- Lateral mesoderm
- Ectodermal placodes
Which embryonic structure forms voluntary muscles of craniofacial region?
Which embryonic structure forms voluntary muscles of craniofacial region?
Which embryonic structure forms the floor of the brain case?
Which embryonic structure forms the floor of the brain case?
Which embryonic structure forms the small part of the occipital region?
Which embryonic structure forms the small part of the occipital region?
Which embryonic structure forms laryngeal cartilages (arytenoid and cricoid) and connective tissue?
Which embryonic structure forms laryngeal cartilages (arytenoid and cricoid) and connective tissue?
Which embryonic structure forms midfacial and pharyngeal arch skeletal structures?
Which embryonic structure forms midfacial and pharyngeal arch skeletal structures?
Which embryonic structure forms the meninges caudal to prosencephalon?
Which embryonic structure forms the meninges caudal to prosencephalon?
Which embryonic structure forms dermis and connective tissue in the dorsal region of the head?
Which embryonic structure forms dermis and connective tissue in the dorsal region of the head?
Which embryonic structure forms the skeletal structures of the pharyngeal arches?
Which embryonic structure forms the skeletal structures of the pharyngeal arches?
Which embryonic structure contributes to the development of facial structures such as the viscerocranium?
Which embryonic structure contributes to the development of facial structures such as the viscerocranium?
Which structure gives rise to the tympanic cavity and the mastoid antrum?
Which structure gives rise to the tympanic cavity and the mastoid antrum?
What is the final resting place of the inferior parathyroid gland?
What is the final resting place of the inferior parathyroid gland?
Which gland forms from the ventral region of the fourth pharyngeal pouch?
Which gland forms from the ventral region of the fourth pharyngeal pouch?
How are the adult palatine tonsils formed?
How are the adult palatine tonsils formed?
What was previously thought to contribute to the formation of the external auditory meatus (EAM) of the external ear?
What was previously thought to contribute to the formation of the external auditory meatus (EAM) of the external ear?
Which segment in the hindbrain do crest cells from migrate to populate the first pharyngeal arch?
Which segment in the hindbrain do crest cells from migrate to populate the first pharyngeal arch?
What stimulates the migration of endoderm cells laterally to form pharyngeal pouches?
What stimulates the migration of endoderm cells laterally to form pharyngeal pouches?
What is expressed in the posterior endoderm of each pharyngeal pouch?
What is expressed in the posterior endoderm of each pharyngeal pouch?
Which factor plays a major role in patterning the mid and upper facial regions?
Which factor plays a major role in patterning the mid and upper facial regions?
What regulates differentiation and patterning of pharyngeal arch mesenchyme into specific skeletal structures?
What regulates differentiation and patterning of pharyngeal arch mesenchyme into specific skeletal structures?
Where do neural crest cells arise from?
Where do neural crest cells arise from?
During embryonic development, which structure contributes to the formation of the stapedius, stylohyoid, and muscles of facial expression?
During embryonic development, which structure contributes to the formation of the stapedius, stylohyoid, and muscles of facial expression?
Which embryonic structure forms the mandible and part of the temporal bone through membranous ossification?
Which embryonic structure forms the mandible and part of the temporal bone through membranous ossification?
Which cranial nerve provides the nerve supply to the muscles of the first pharyngeal arch?
Which cranial nerve provides the nerve supply to the muscles of the first pharyngeal arch?
Which mesenchymal tissue contributes to the dermis of the face and provides sensory supply to the skin of the face?
Which mesenchymal tissue contributes to the dermis of the face and provides sensory supply to the skin of the face?
Which nerve innervates the muscles formed by the cartilage of the third pharyngeal arch?
Which nerve innervates the muscles formed by the cartilage of the third pharyngeal arch?
What provides the muscular components of each pharyngeal arch?
What provides the muscular components of each pharyngeal arch?
What contributes to skeletal components of the face by migrating into the pharyngeal arches?
What contributes to skeletal components of the face by migrating into the pharyngeal arches?
What provides substantial numbers of neural crest cells that migrate into each pharyngeal arch?
What provides substantial numbers of neural crest cells that migrate into each pharyngeal arch?
Which pair of cranial sensory ganglia is formed by ectodermal placodes together with neural crest cells?
Which pair of cranial sensory ganglia is formed by ectodermal placodes together with neural crest cells?
The mesenchyme for the formation of the head region is derived from paraxial mesoderm, lateral mesoderm, and neural crest.
The mesenchyme for the formation of the head region is derived from paraxial mesoderm, lateral mesoderm, and neural crest.
Neural crest cells form the entire viscerocranium (face) and parts of the membranous and cartilaginous regions of the neurocranium (skull).
Neural crest cells form the entire viscerocranium (face) and parts of the membranous and cartilaginous regions of the neurocranium (skull).
The lateral mesoderm forms laryngeal cartilages (arytenoid and cricoid) and connective tissue.
The lateral mesoderm forms laryngeal cartilages (arytenoid and cricoid) and connective tissue.
The first pair of pharyngeal pouches lies between the first and third pharyngeal arches.
The first pair of pharyngeal pouches lies between the first and third pharyngeal arches.
Neural crest cells originate in the neuroectoderm of forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain region and migrate ventrally into the pharyngeal arches and rostrally around the forebrain and optic cup into the facial region.
Neural crest cells originate in the neuroectoderm of forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain region and migrate ventrally into the pharyngeal arches and rostrally around the forebrain and optic cup into the facial region.
The tubotympanic recess gives rise to the tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity) and the mastoid antrum.
The tubotympanic recess gives rise to the tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity) and the mastoid antrum.
The muscular components of each pharyngeal arch have their own cranial nerve, and wherever the muscle cells migrate, they carry their nerve component with them.
The muscular components of each pharyngeal arch have their own cranial nerve, and wherever the muscle cells migrate, they carry their nerve component with them.
The tonsil is infiltrated by lymphatic tissue during the second and fourth months.
The tonsil is infiltrated by lymphatic tissue during the second and fourth months.
During the fifth week of development, the second pharyngeal arch overgrows the third and fourth arches, forming an ectodermal depression known as the cervical sinus.
During the fifth week of development, the second pharyngeal arch overgrows the third and fourth arches, forming an ectodermal depression known as the cervical sinus.
The fourth pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the ultimobranchial body, which is later incorporated into the thymus gland.
The fourth pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the ultimobranchial body, which is later incorporated into the thymus gland.
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Study Notes
Embryonic Structures and Their Contributions
- The fourth pharyngeal arch contributes to the formation of laryngeal cartilages (arytenoid and cricoid) and connective tissue.
- The neural crest forms a large portion of the membranous and cartilaginous components of the neurocranium (skull).
- The neural crest forms the entire viscerocranium (face) and parts of the membranous and cartilaginous regions of the neurocranium (skull).
- The mesoderm forms voluntary muscles of the craniofacial region.
- The neural crest forms the floor of the brain case.
- The occipital somites form a small part of the occipital region.
Pharyngeal Pouches and Arches
- The pharyngeal pouches form as a result of the lateral migration of endoderm cells, stimulated by the expression of Shh.
- The pharyngeal pouches express Pax1 and Pax9.
- The neural crest cells migrate into the pharyngeal arches and contribute to the formation of midfacial and pharyngeal arch skeletal structures.
Skeletal and Muscular Structures
- The neural crest forms the skeletal structures of the pharyngeal arches.
- The mesoderm forms the muscles of the craniofacial region.
- The neural crest cells migrate into the pharyngeal arches and contribute to the formation of the muscular components of each pharyngeal arch.
Cranial Nerves and Sensory Supply
- The cranial nerve V (trigeminal) provides the nerve supply to the muscles of the first pharyngeal arch.
- The cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal) innervates the muscles formed by the cartilage of the third pharyngeal arch.
- The mesenchyme from the neural crest contributes to the dermis of the face and provides sensory supply to the skin of the face.
Development of Specific Structures
- The tubotympanic recess gives rise to the tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity) and the mastoid antrum.
- The cervical sinus forms during the fifth week of development, as the second pharyngeal arch overgrows the third and fourth arches.
- The ultimobranchial body develops from the fourth pharyngeal pouch and is later incorporated into the thymus gland.
Cell Origins and Migration
- Neural crest cells originate in the neuroectoderm of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain regions and migrate ventrally into the pharyngeal arches.
- Neural crest cells migrate rostrally around the forebrain and optic cup into the facial region.
- The mesenchyme for the formation of the head region is derived from paraxial mesoderm, lateral mesoderm, and neural crest.
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