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Questions and Answers
Which of the following medications acts by blocking the release of histamine and leukotrienes?
Which of the following medications acts by blocking the release of histamine and leukotrienes?
What is the primary mechanism of action for inhaled corticosteroids in treating asthma?
What is the primary mechanism of action for inhaled corticosteroids in treating asthma?
Which type of inhaled drug delivery device is most likely to be affected by patient technique and inspiratory flow rate?
Which type of inhaled drug delivery device is most likely to be affected by patient technique and inspiratory flow rate?
What is the primary reason for using a spacer with a Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)?
What is the primary reason for using a spacer with a Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)?
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Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of therapeutic aerosols?
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of therapeutic aerosols?
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Which of the following factors is MOST likely to influence the deposition of aerosol particles in the lower respiratory tract?
Which of the following factors is MOST likely to influence the deposition of aerosol particles in the lower respiratory tract?
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Which of the following mechanisms describes the deposition of aerosol particles in the upper airways due to their momentum?
Which of the following mechanisms describes the deposition of aerosol particles in the upper airways due to their momentum?
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What is the term used to describe the tendency of aerosol particles to settle out under the influence of gravity?
What is the term used to describe the tendency of aerosol particles to settle out under the influence of gravity?
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Which type of inhaler device is typically used for administering nebulized medications?
Which type of inhaler device is typically used for administering nebulized medications?
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What is the recommended mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of aerosol particles for deposition in the lower airways?
What is the recommended mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of aerosol particles for deposition in the lower airways?
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Which of the following is a potential hazard associated with aerosol therapy?
Which of the following is a potential hazard associated with aerosol therapy?
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Which of the following medications is a leukotriene antagonist?
Which of the following medications is a leukotriene antagonist?
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Which of the following respiratory diseases is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath?
Which of the following respiratory diseases is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath?
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of aerosol therapy for respiratory diseases?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of aerosol therapy for respiratory diseases?
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Which of the following medications is classified as a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) and used as a bronchodilator in asthma and COPD?
Which of the following medications is classified as a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) and used as a bronchodilator in asthma and COPD?
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Which of the following is NOT a phase of drug action?
Which of the following is NOT a phase of drug action?
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What is the main purpose of the pharmacokinetic phase of drug action?
What is the main purpose of the pharmacokinetic phase of drug action?
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Which of the following is a method of topical application of drugs?
Which of the following is a method of topical application of drugs?
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What is the primary route of administration for drugs intended for the respiratory system?
What is the primary route of administration for drugs intended for the respiratory system?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the amount of drug reaching the site of action?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the amount of drug reaching the site of action?
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What is the name for the drug that binds to the receptor and triggers a biological response?
What is the name for the drug that binds to the receptor and triggers a biological response?
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Which of the following is a phase in the process of drug investigation and approval?
Which of the following is a phase in the process of drug investigation and approval?
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What is the primary function of the pharmacokinetic phase in drug action?
What is the primary function of the pharmacokinetic phase in drug action?
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Flashcards
Pharmacokinetic phase
Pharmacokinetic phase
The phase of drug action involving absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Pharmacodynamic phase
Pharmacodynamic phase
The phase where drug effects occur at the site of action, influencing physiological responses.
Drug sources
Drug sources
Origin of drugs, including natural, synthetic, and biopharmaceutical sources.
Drug names
Drug names
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Parenteral route
Parenteral route
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Topical application methods
Topical application methods
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Inhalation
Inhalation
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Process of drug approval
Process of drug approval
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Protein binding
Protein binding
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Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics
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Drug-receptor interactions
Drug-receptor interactions
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Drug interactions
Drug interactions
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Therapeutic index
Therapeutic index
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Pulmonary infections
Pulmonary infections
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Obstructive lung diseases
Obstructive lung diseases
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Interstitial lung disease
Interstitial lung disease
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Pleural diseases
Pleural diseases
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Acute respiratory disease syndrome
Acute respiratory disease syndrome
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Bronchodilators
Bronchodilators
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Mucolytic agents
Mucolytic agents
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Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids
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Aerosol therapy
Aerosol therapy
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Hazards of aerosol therapy
Hazards of aerosol therapy
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Study Notes
Pulmonary Pharmacology
- Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with organisms, altering their functions or processes.
- Drugs are chemicals that affect biological processes.
- Drugs can be sourced from plants (e.g., khellin, atropine, digitalis), minerals, and chemically synthesized compounds.
- Drugs are administered in different phases.
- The drug administration phase involves dosage forms and routes of administration.
- The pharmacokinetic phase describes drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
- The pharmacodynamic phase is the interaction of the drug and its target cells or receptors.
- Drug investigation involves animal studies and phases 1, 2, and 3 clinical studies before FDA approval.
Drug Names
- Chemical names describe a drug's chemical structure (e.g., acetylsalicylic acid for aspirin).
- Code names are assigned by manufacturers during drug development.
- Generic names are the official, non-proprietary names (e.g., ASA).
- Trade names are the brand names (e.g., Aspirin).
Drug Sources
- Chemical synthesis is the most common drug source.
- Plant extracts (e.g., thyroid hormone, insulin, pancreatic dornase) are other sources.
Drug Administration
- Drug administration phases involve factors like bioavailability, absorption rate, and stability.
- Routes of administration include oral (tablet, capsule, pill), intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and others.
Drug Interactions
- Additivity describes when the total effect of two drugs equals the sum of the individual effects.
- Synergism means two drugs create a larger effect than expected.
- Potentiation occurs when one inactive drug increases the effect of another.
- Antagonism is a situation where two drugs counteract each other.
Drug Receptor Interactions
- Drug affinity measures the drug's tendency to bind to a receptor.
- Drug efficacy measures the drug-receptor complex's effect.
- Agonists both have affinity and efficacy, simulating receptor action.
- Antagonists have affinity but no efficacy, blocking receptor action.
Factors Controlling Drug Amounts
- Absorption involves drug movement from the site of administration to the bloodstream.
- Distribution is the transport of the drug throughout the body.
- Metabolism is the breakdown of the drug in the body, often in the liver, to inactive forms.
- Elimination is the removal of the drug (and its metabolites) from the body, most often through the kidneys.
Respiratory Diseases and Specific Drugs
- Respiratory diseases are diverse, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma, COPD, and others.
- Various drug types are used to treat these conditions, such as bronchodilators, mucolytics, and steroids.
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Description
Test your knowledge on pulmonary pharmacology, exploring drug interactions and their effects on biological systems. This quiz covers various aspects including drug administration phases, pharmacokinetics, and drug naming conventions. Perfect for students and professionals in healthcare and pharmacology.
