Pulmonary Hypertension: An Overview

What is the defining characteristic of pulmonary hypertension?

Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 25 mmHg.

What system is strained due to pulmonary hypertension?

In pulmonary hypertension, there is back pressure through the right side of the heart and into the ______ venous system.

Match the following causes with their corresponding pulmonary hypertension group:

Which of the following is a common symptom of pulmonary hypertension?

Hepatomegaly is a sign of pulmonary hypertension.

What is the main presenting symptom of pulmonary hypertension?

Elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP) is a sign of pulmonary hypertension due to back pressure in the ______ system.

Match the ECG finding with what it indicates in pulmonary hypertension:

Which ECG finding is indicative of right ventricular hypertrophy in pulmonary hypertension?

Dilated pulmonary arteries are a common finding on chest X-rays of patients with pulmonary hypertension.

What blood test is typically elevated in patients with right ventricular failure due to pulmonary hypertension?

A(n) ______ can be used to estimate the pulmonary artery pressure.

Match the management option with its corresponding mechanism of action in treating idiopathic pulmonary hypertension:

Which of the following medications is NOT typically used to treat idiopathic pulmonary hypertension?

Secondary pulmonary hypertension is managed by directly addressing the elevated pulmonary artery pressure with vasodilators.

What is the primary focus of management for secondary pulmonary hypertension?

[Blank] treatments such as oxygen and diuretics are used for complications of pulmonary hypertension like respiratory failure or oedema.

Match the treatment with the specific type of pulmonary hypertension it addresses:

Which group of pulmonary hypertension is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart failure is classified as Group 5.

What is the name for peaked P waves seen on an ECG in the context of pulmonary hypertension?

Right bundle branch block on ECG suggests right-sided ______ in pulmonary hypertension.

Match the pulmonary hypertension group with its primary underlying mechanism:

Which of the following is considered a supportive treatment, rather than a direct treatment, for pulmonary hypertension?

The prognosis for untreated idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is generally favorable, with most patients living more than 10 years after diagnosis.

What specific type of pulmonary vascular disease is classified under Group 4 pulmonary hypertension?

In chest x-ray findings, ______ ventricular hypertrophy suggests a long-standing strain on the right side of the heart due to pulmonary hypertension.

Match each class of medication for idiopathic pulmonary hypertension with its corresponding mechanism of action:

A patient with a history of COPD presents with symptoms of pulmonary hypertension. Which group of pulmonary hypertension would this patient most likely fall into?

Raised NT-proBNP is a direct indicator of pulmonary artery pressure.

What is the term for swelling in the extremities that can occur as a consequence of pulmonary hypertension?

Right axis ______ on an ECG suggests right ventricular enlargement and potential pulmonary hypertension.

Match the clinical finding with the diagnostic test used to identify it in suspected pulmonary hypertension:

A patient presents with shortness of breath, syncope, and peripheral oedema. Which of the following conditions should be high on the differential diagnosis?

Left ventricular hypertrophy is a hallmark ECG finding in pulmonary hypertension.

What is the key characteristic regarding the pulmonary arteries in pulmonary hypertension?

An ECG showing tall R waves in leads V1 and V2 indicates right ventricular ______ associated with pulmonary hypertension.

Match the cause of pulmonary hypertension with its appropriate classification: