20 Questions
What is the volume of air moving in and out with each normal, quiet breath?
500 ml
Which lung volume represents the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a single breath?
Tidal volume
What is the volume of air that can be maximally exhaled below the tidal volume?
1.2 liters
Which lung volume refers to the additional air that can be inhaled after a tidal volume has been breathed in?
Inspiratory reserve volume
What is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after exhaling all possible air?
1.2 liters
During a specific situation like going for a dive, which lung volume might be needed?
Inspiratory reserve volume
After exhaling the tidal volume, which lung volume represents the additional air that can be exhaled?
Expiratory reserve volume
'Lung volumes refer to the volume of air in the lungs, measured at various phases of the respiratory cycle'. Which lung volume is not mentioned in this description?
Tidal volume
What is the additional air that can be exhaled after a tidal volume has been exhaled called?
Expiratory reserve volume
What might you need to use in a specific situation like going for a dive in the ocean?
Inspiratory reserve volume
What is the primary reason for the 25-year-old man's visit to the pulmonologist?
Exercise-related shortness of breath
Which lung function test was ordered for this patient?
Pulmonary function test
What is the patient's usual action after 10 minutes of intense workout?
Stop for at least 40 seconds to catch his breath
What is the main job of the lungs?
Gas exchange
During an inhale, what happens to the diaphragm?
Contracts to pull downward
What instrument can be used to measure the volume of air moving in and out of the lungs?
Spirometer
What type of test involves having an air chamber submerged in water that the person breathes into?
Spirometry
What happens to the chest muscles during an inhale?
Contract to pull open the chest
What is measured with a spirometer during a breathing test?
Volume of air moving in and out of the lungs
What does a classic spirometer use to trace a person's breathing pattern?
A pen on paper moved by air movement from an air chamber submerged in water
Study Notes
Pulmonary Function Test
- A 25-year-old man is seen by a pulmonologist for exercise-related shortness of breath, which occurs after 10 minutes of intense workout and requires a 40-second break to catch his breath.
Lung Function and Spirometry
- The main job of the lungs is gas exchange, pulling oxygen into the body and getting rid of carbon dioxide.
- During an inhale, the diaphragm contracts and chest muscles contract to pull in air; during an exhale, the muscles relax, allowing the lungs to spring back to their normal size.
- A spirometer is used to measure the volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath, a test called spirometry.
Spirometry Results
- The plot of a healthy adult's spirometry results shows volume of air on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.
- The tidal volume, typically around 0.5 L or 500 ml, is the volume of air moving in and out with each breath during normal, quiet breathing.
- The inspiratory reserve volume, typically around 3 liters, is the volume of air that can be maximally inhaled above the tidal volume.
- The expiratory reserve volume, typically around 1.2 liters, is the volume of air that can be maximally exhaled below the tidal volume.
- The residual volume, typically around 1.2 liters, is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after attempting to exhale all the air.
Lung Volumes
- Major lung volumes include the tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and the residual volume.
- The functional residual capacity can be determined from a pulmonary function test.
Test your knowledge on interpreting pulmonary function test results by determining the functional residual capacity of a patient with exercise-related shortness of breath. Understand the main function of the lungs in gas exchange.
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