Questions and Answers
How long has public speaking been taught?
1000+ years
Public Speaking and ordinary conversation involve adapting to listener feedback.
True
____ is mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures giving a successful presentation.
visualization
In a preparation outline, main points and subpoints and subscriptions should be written as full sentences.
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A speech title should
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The _____ is a one-sentence statement that sums up the main points of a speech.
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The _____ is what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in the speech.
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Changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume are referred to as _____
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"Conversational quality" refers to a speech delivery that sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed.
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The _______ lists all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library.
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend for doing speech research?
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After conducting a research interview, you should wait a few days to review and transcribe your notes.
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To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words is to _____
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The more you assume your listeners know about the topic, the more chance of being misunderstood.
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Which organization pattern would you use to inform my audience about four major steps to build a car?
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A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience is called a _____ speech.
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A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author, is called an _____
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Because people have different frames of reference, a public speaker must take care to adapt her or his message to the particular audience being addressed.
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_____ is anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.
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It is normal—even desirable—to be nervous at the start of a speech.
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______ is controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation.
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Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is.
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Public speaking and ordinary conversation are similar in that both involve adapting to listener feedback.
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What does critical thinking include?
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The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker are called ______
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The knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message make up the listener's ______.
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Most successful speakers do not experience stage fright.
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Because each person has a different frame of reference, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.
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According to your textbook, ______ is anything that impedes the communication of a message.
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_____ is the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.
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Which of the following is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?
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What should public speakers do to avoid ethnocentrism?
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Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases.
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While listening to a speech about gun control, Scott thought back to his experiences as an intern with the police department and decided that the speaker was knowledgeable about the subject. What was Scott doing?
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Avoiding ethnocentrism is important for listeners as well as for speakers.
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Which recommendation is a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?
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____________ is a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas.
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When your general purpose is to ____________, you act as a teacher or lecturer.
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When you want to change or structure the attitudes of your audience, your general purpose is to ____________.
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The ____________ is a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech.
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The central idea of a speech is usually formulated before the specific purpose.
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"To persuade my audience that the U.S. space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth" is an example of a(n) _____
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Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "Why should the university raise tuition?"
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Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "To persuade my audience that our state legislature should protect Internet privacy and increase spending for education."
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Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a speech: "Something should be done about rising sea levels."
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Although the specific purpose statement for a speech should not be phrased as a question, it is acceptable to phrase the central idea as a question.
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What is the central idea of a speech with the following main points? I.Isabel Baumfree was born into slavery in the state of New York during the 1790s. II. After undergoing a conversion experience and changing her name to Sojourner Truth, she began preaching during the 1840s. III. Over the next few decades, she became a celebrated speaker for various reform causes.
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The central idea for a speech should be stated as a full sentence.
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The primary purpose of speechmaking is to _____
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Audience-centeredness involves keeping your audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.
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Adapting your message to the needs of a particular audience means that you must inevitably compromise your beliefs.
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One key to successful speaking is determining which audiences are worthy of your best efforts to communicate your ideas.
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According to your textbook, the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being is called _____
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"Do you think gun control is a workable solution to the problem of violence in U.S. schools?" is an example of a(n) ____________ question.
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Taking account of your listeners' racial, ethnic, or cultural background is an important factor in situational audience analysis.
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According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor in situational audience analysis?
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When gauging your audience's disposition toward the speech topic, you should take into account their attitude toward the topic.
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As a general rule, the larger your audience is, the more formal your speech presentation should be.
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Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers are called ____________ questions.
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Mayor Kathleen Baldwin has been asked to address the Wakefield Community Association about the issue of constructing a swimming pool in the neighborhood. The most important factor Baldwin should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its _____
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Dr. Kristin Lutz is preparing an informative talk about the genetic relationship between twins for a group of expectant parents. The most important factor Dr. Lutz should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its _____
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Most library catalogues allow you to search for books by
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___________ are used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves.
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The library resources discussed in this chapter include
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You should never cite an article in your speech on the basis of the abstract alone.
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When taking research notes, you should distinguish among direct quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas.
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If there is no clearly identified author for a document on the Internet, you should try to determine the ____________ that is responsible for the document.
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Even if you can't identify the author or sponsoring organization for an Internet document, you can still use the document in your speech as long as it is up to date.
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The most important task in preparing to conduct a research interview is deciding what questions to ask during the interview.
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A ____________ is a list, compiled early in the research process, of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic.
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When taking research notes, you should only write down information that you know you will use in your speech.
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Listeners usually find generalizations more interesting and convincing than specific statements.
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The three kinds of supporting materials discussed in your textbook are
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A(n) ____________ is a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.
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Examples are especially useful for getting listeners involved in a speech.
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A hypothetical example is an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.
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A(n) ____________ example is a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.
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According to your textbook, a(n) ____________ example is a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.
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You should usually avoid using detailed examples because they will bore your audience.
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The impact of an extended example often depends as much on the speaker's delivery as on the content of the example.
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The ____________ is the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.
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The main purpose of using statistics in a speech is to make the speech more vivid.
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According to your textbook, if you quoted your sixteen-year-old niece on the impact of media violence on high school students, you would be using ____________ testimony.
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Research indicates that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are followed by ____________ that show the examples are typical.
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In most cases, statistics speak for themselves and do not require a lot of explanation when used in a speech.
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When using statistics in a speech, you should
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A preparation outline should include
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The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline shows the ____________ of the speech.
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In a preparation outline, the most important ideas are placed farthest to the left and the less important ideas are placed progressively farther to the right.
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In a preparation outline, you should state your main points in brief phrases.
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A ____________ is a list of the sources used in preparing a speech.
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When selecting a title for your speech, you should avoid phrasing it as a question.
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A ____________ outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech.
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When preparing a speaking outline, you should
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In a preparation outline, main points are identified by capital letters.
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Even though a speaking outline should be kept as brief as possible, you should usually write out quotations in full.
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In a speaking outline, words such as "pause," "faster here," and "slow down" are ____________ that help a speaker remember how she or he wants to present key parts of the speech.
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Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?
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Below is a main point, a subpoint, and two sub-subpoints from a preparation outline about acoustical engineering. Which is the subpoint?
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Good delivery does not call attention to itself.
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Study Notes
Public Speaking Fundamentals
- Public speaking has been taught for over 1000 years.
- It involves adapting to listener feedback, similar to ordinary conversation.
- Mental imaging technique known as visualization enhances the likelihood of a successful presentation.
Speech Preparation
- In a preparation outline, main points, subpoints, and sub-subpoints must be fully written out.
- Effective speech titles could encompass various elements relevant to the content.
- The central idea summarizes the main points in a single sentence, while the residual message is what the audience remembers after the speech.
Delivery Techniques
- Vocal variety includes changes in speaker's rate, pitch, and volume to maintain audience engagement.
- Achieving conversational quality in speech delivery gives the appearance of spontaneity, regardless of rehearsal.
- Positive nervousness is a controlled level of anxiety that energizes the speaker.
Research and Audience Analysis
- A library's catalogue includes all resources, and effective speech research encompasses multiple sources.
- Conduct research notes accurately, distinguishing between quotations, paraphrases, and personal ideas.
- Tailoring the message according to the audience's frame of reference is crucial for effective communication.
Communication Barriers
- Interference pertains to anything that obstructs message transmission.
- Ethnocentrism is the notion of the superiority of one’s own culture, which speakers must avoid.
- Egocentrism shows a concern primarily for one's own beliefs and well-being.
Speech Content and Examples
- Supporting materials in speeches primarily include statistics, examples, and testimony.
- Examples engage listeners and illustrate points, with hypothetical examples creating imaginary scenarios.
- Statistical data should always be accompanied by a source and explained, as they do not stand alone.
Speech Organizing Techniques
- An outline's visual framework indicates the structure of the speech.
- Main points should not be vague and must be presented clearly to ensure effectiveness.
- A speaking outline aids a speaker in delivering the speech naturally and includes delivery cues.
Audience Engagement
- Address audience size and cultural background while preparing a speech; larger audiences tend to require more formal presentations.
- Understanding the audience’s attitude, interest, and knowledge about the topic is vital for effective engagement.
Effective Communication
- Avoid generalizations; instead, use specific examples for clarity and interest.
- Speech outcomes revolve around achieving the desired response from listeners, highlighting the importance of audience-centeredness.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in public speaking with these midterm flashcards. The quiz covers historical aspects, definitions, and techniques such as visualization. Challenge yourself to reinforce your understanding of effective communication skills.
