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Questions and Answers
How many doses of Chicken pox vaccine are recommended per year?
What is the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported to WHO as of 3 May 2023?
What is the primary way to prevent infection transmission?
What is the main objective of controlling infection transmission?
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How many vaccine doses have been administered against COVID-19 as of 4 May 2023?
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What is the recommended frequency of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine?
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What is the main mechanism of airborne transmission?
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What is the primary goal of infection control in primary care?
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What is the recommended frequency of COVID-19 vaccine administration?
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What is the primary objective of tertiary level of healthcare?
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Study Notes
Control of Infectious Diseases
- Control of infectious diseases aims to reduce or eliminate long-term impairments through individual and community-wide measures.
- Tertiary prevention reduces or eliminates disabilities, minimizes suffering, and promotes adjustment to permanent disabilities through actions such as:
- Providing orthopedic appliances
- Counselling
- Vocational training
- Prevention of opportunistic infections
Chain of Infection
- The Chain of Infection is the relationship between an infectious agent, its routes of transmission, and a susceptible host.
- Control efforts are designed to break the routes of transmission, which include:
- Reservoirs or sources of infection (e.g. people, other living organisms, or inanimate materials)
- Horizontal transmission (transmission between individuals)
- Infectious agents include:
- Bacteria
- Rickettsia
- Chlamydiae
- Fungi
- Parasites
- Viruses
- Prions
Primary Prevention
- Primary prevention protects health through individual and community-wide measures such as:
- Maintaining good nutritional status
- Keeping physically fit
- Immunizing against infectious diseases
- Providing safe water
- Ensuring proper disposal of faeces
Secondary Prevention
- Secondary prevention corrects departures from good health through individual and community-wide measures such as:
- Early detection of disease
- Prompt antibiotic treatment
- Ensuring adequate nutrition
- Control aimed at reducing disease prevalence by shortening the duration of infectious disease can also be considered as secondary prevention.
COVID-19 Pandemic
- The COVID-19 pandemic was first reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan, China.
- As of 3 May 2023, there have been 765,222,932 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 6,921,614 deaths, reported to WHO.
- As of 4 May 2023, a total of 13,349,209,463 vaccine doses have been administered.
Stopping Transmission of Infection
- The only way to prevent infection is to stop the transmission of microorganisms.
- The best way to prevent infections is by following standard precautions.
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Description
This quiz covers the different levels of prevention in public health, including secondary prevention and tertiary prevention of infectious diseases.
