Public Health Concepts and Issues
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Questions and Answers

A researcher discovered that the rate of breast cancer has increased by 30%. What is the reason for the increase?

  • Adopted assessment clinic
  • Decrease mortality of breast cancer
  • Completive risk factors (correct)

A worker has swelling in the elbow. Tests showed he has inflammation in the elbow. What should we do for him?

  • Prohibited him from wearing gloves
  • Give hem off days
  • Adjusting the environment to one that suits him (ERGONMIC) (correct)

Health workers conducted a vaccination campaign and the turnout was high, that indcates there is high...?

  • Autonomy
  • Participation (correct)
  • Solidity

A person who has finished a Ph.D. has done his research and wants to share it with people who are interested with. He has made a presentation to present the methodology and data collection. What is the best way to publish his research?

<p>Presented on a scientific platform (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A public health specialist was running a booster vaccination campaign, and the supervisor came to him and asked him: Does this campaign tend to affect the policies. Which of the six building blocks this?

<p>Leader and governance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A public health specialist went to a school to give a lecture, on what this behavior is called?

<p>Learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A farmer complains of shortness of breath. He has asthma. He denied that he drank or ate animal products and took the BCG vaccination. What disease does he have?

<p>TB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Saudi Arabia develop the current health system more than the previous ?health system

<p>Insurance free fee for all citizens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher wants to see the prevalence rate of a disease and he do a Systemic ?Review and Meta Analysis. What study is used in Systemic Review

<p>Case control study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason that people in one country have a different health condition than ?people in other countries

<p>Socioeconomic status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A village with obesity. What does a public health specialist do to reduce obesity

<p>Educate them for healthy eating choices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two clinics for pregnant women, one with a 50% attendance rate, and a clinic with a ?30% attendance rate for pregnant women. What is the reason

<p>Different health status of pregnant women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person created an educational program in tweeter space.What is this method

<p>Social media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the most valuable group during COVID-19

<p>Older adults (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Older people have a lower rate of dementia. They conducted a study on fish oil, and ?the result says that fish oil is beneficial by a percentage of 0.91. with CI 95%

<p>Fish oil decreased dementia levels by 91% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate term to describe the collaborative activity undertaken by six health sector employees to generate ideas for an obesity program?

<p>Workshop (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What recommendation would be most appropriate for a patient complaining of swelling in his feet?

<p>Elevate the feet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication best describes a presentation consisting of 15 minutes of explanation followed by 5 minutes for questions?

<p>Structured presentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason Saudi Arabia introduced calorie counts on restaurant menus?

<p>To combat rising obesity rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which communication channel would be most effective for a behavior change communication strategy for HIV/AIDS?

<p>In-person meetings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do presenters consider when a presentation that was supposed to include a Q&A session ends up with no questions?

<p>Time management was poor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a rural village with limited access to modern communication, what is the most effective way to communicate HIV awareness?

<p>Community workshops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method for educating a community about Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) in a region with prevalent diarrheal diseases?

<p>Conducting door-to-door education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate approach in addressing a man's belief that smoking does not cause diseases?

<p>Engaging in a supportive discussion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which framework is most likely to be used for setting measurable objectives and improving employee performance?

<p>SMART Goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific respiratory disease are coal mine workers at risk of developing due to prolonged exposure to coal dust?

<p>Anthracnosis (Black Lung Disease) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the primary target audience for the cervical cancer educational program initiated by health care centers and the national research center?

<p>Women and the General Public (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents one of the six building blocks that contribute to the performance of a health system?

<p>Health workforce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for the expectation of life free of disability?

<p>Sullivan's index (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the doctor advise the 65-year-old man to stop smoking given his existing health conditions?

<p>Both A &amp; B. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best term to describe the process of six health sector employees brainstorming ideas for an obesity program?

<p>Brainstorming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the most appropriate recommendation for a floor cleaner experiencing swelling in his feet?

<p>Recommend wearing protective shoes or clothing for his feet. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication is best characterized by a presentation structure of 15 minutes explanation followed by 5 minutes for questions?

<p>One-way Didactic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Saudi Arabia implement calorie counts on restaurant menus?

<p>To raise awareness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If health authorities aim to effectively communicate HIV awareness in a rural village with limited modern technologies, what method should they utilize?

<p>Community Health Workers and Local Meetings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a presentation that runs overtime without a Q&A session, what aspect of communication is primarily impacted?

<p>Feedback (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method for educating a community about the use of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) for dehydration where diarrheal diseases are common?

<p>Local Health Education Sessions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'reliability' refer to in the context of measurement?

<p>The consistency of a measurement when it is repeated multiple times. (B), The degree to which a measurement accurately and consistently assesses what it is intended to assess. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To ensure public health awareness, whom should a doctor report new COVID-19 symptoms to?

<p>International health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would the status of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia, with 25% affected, be classified?

<p>Epidemic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evaluation would measure the success of a project in reducing disease impact?

<p>Impact evaluation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In public health centers, what is the primary source of information they rely on?

<p>Scientific research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the most important priority in planning future health projects?

<p>Paying close attention to the quality of healthcare delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concept of epidemic in terms of public health?

<p>It indicates an increase in cases above what is normally expected in a population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of evaluation focuses on assessing the delivery of healthcare services?

<p>Performance evaluation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sustainable approach to improving public health awareness in a low-literacy community?

<p>Using radio broadcasts and community meetings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is the supervisor primarily concerned with regarding the development of a malaria vaccine?

<p>Medical product (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the infant mortality rate given a total of 250 child deaths in a population of 6,000,000 live births.

<p>0.0267 per 1,000 live births (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To whom should a nurse report an injury from a needle stick incident?

<p>Go to occupational health or employee health unit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of public health agencies?

<p>Addressing communicable diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best approach to improve adherence to PPE usage in a healthcare setting, based on differing compliance rates?

<p>Provide education, training, and resources to promote PPE adherence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From the scenario, do you think the community is aware of PPE?

<p>A &amp; C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assisting a patient with wound irrigation, what PPE should be worn?

<p>Gloves, gown, and a mask (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Group A in the study committed to consistently wearing PPE?

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is least effective in addressing PPE adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic?

<p>Allowing personal discretion on PPE usage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best method for a patient with diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity to control their BMI?

<p>Adjust their diet and engage in regular exercise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of prevention involves intervening through exercise and diet to reduce diabetes rates?

<p>Primary prevention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is at the greatest risk due to mislabeling of seafood which contains mercury?

<p>Pregnant women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of an organism involved in food poisoning indicates its severity?

<p>Virulence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best approach for preventing the spread of diseases for travelers regarding COVID?

<p>Strict decisions regarding travel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the time interval between the receipt of infection and maximum infectivity of the host?

<p>Incubation period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate the specific cause of death in a disease outbreak with 3147 cases and 1240 deaths?

<p>$\frac{1240}{6000000}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When hand sanitization occurs, which component is involved?

<p>Agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does maintaining a distance of up to 2 meters primarily exemplify?

<p>Environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of approach is used to describe the collaborative activity of health sector employees generating ideas for an obesity program?

<p>Community-based strategy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Case Control Study

A research study that compares two groups, one with the disease and the other without, to find factors that may have contributed to the disease.

Value-Based Healthcare Financing

A health system where providers are paid based on the value of the care they provide, not just the volume of services delivered.

Prevalence Rate

A measure of the spread of a disease within a population at a specific point in time. It is calculated by dividing the number of cases by the total population.

Health Beliefs

The tendency for people to hold beliefs about health that may not be based on scientific evidence, which can influence their decisions about preventative measures.

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Ergonomics

Changes in the environment made to make a workplace more comfortable and less likely to cause injuries.

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Cohort Study

A study that follows a group of people over time to observe the development of a disease or condition.

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Response

The stage of disaster management that involves immediate action taken after a disaster occurs to save lives and prevent further damage.

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Effect Size

The statistical difference between what would be expected and what actually occurred.

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Systematic Review

A systematic and comprehensive evaluation of existing research on a particular topic to synthesize findings and draw conclusions.

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Null Hypothesis

A statement that there is no relationship between two variables or populations, which is tested against an alternative hypothesis.

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Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

Inflammation of the tendons that surround the elbow joint, often caused by repetitive movements or overuse.

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Premium

The insurance premium paid by the insured person for a specific period, usually annually.

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Cross-Sectional Study

A study that collects data from a population at a specific point in time to determine the prevalence of a disease or condition.

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Social Determinants of Health

The study of the impact of individual and social factors on health outcomes.

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Observational Study

A type of study that investigates the relationship between a specific exposure and a disease or condition.

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Copayment

A type of insurance where the insured person pays a fixed amount for each medical service they receive.

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Coinsurance

A type of insurance where the insured person pays a percentage of the cost of medical services, after meeting the deductible.

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Preventive Measure

A type of health intervention that aims to prevent people from developing a disease or condition.

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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

The condition caused by exposure to prolonged repetitive forceful movements, vibrations, or extreme wrist postures.

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Legionnaires' Disease

A type of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila, often found in water systems.

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Participation

The involvement of the public in decision-making processes related to their health.

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Autonomy

The ability of people to make their own decisions about their health, without coercion.

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Deductible

A type of insurance where the insured person pays a fixed amount out of pocket before the insurance coverage kicks in.

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Health Education

The systematic and intentional process of achieving a particular behavior change, often for the purpose of improving health.

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Equity

The public health principle that emphasizes the importance of ensuring that everyone has equal access to healthcare services.

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Service Delivery

The ability of a health system to provide services to the population in a timely and efficient manner.

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Universal Healthcare

A health system where all citizens are covered with insurance, regardless of their income or employment.

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Risk Prevention

The concept of preventing people from engaging in risky behaviors that may lead to negative health outcomes.

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Pneumonitis

A condition characterized by fatigue, shortness of breath, and coughing, often caused by inflammation of the lungs.

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Study Notes

4MARCH Exam Study Notes

  • Breast Cancer Increase: A researcher noted a 30% increase in breast cancer rates. The cause is unknown.
  • Elbow Swelling: A worker experiences elbow inflammation. Ergonomic adjustments and time off are recommended.
  • Vaccination Campaign: High vaccination turnout is attributed to public health factors like "solidity" of the campaign and individual "autonomy."
  • PhD Research Presentation: Sharing research benefits from presenting to audience members interested in the subject matter, or via a credible academic platform.
  • Booster Vaccination Policy Concerns: A public health specialist is concerned about the impact of a booster campaign on existing polices. Ensuring policies are appropriately considered is a key aspect of service delivery.
  • Patient Illness Disclosure: A doctor should communicate the condition to the patient and provide psychological support, rather than ignoring the patient.
  • Public Health Lecture: Providing a lecture on public health, in this case, is considered "observational" learning.
  • Smoking Education: Public health campaigns targeting high school students should focus on preventing risky behavior from smoking.
  • Farmer's Respiratory Illness: A farmer experiencing shortness of breath despite the BCG vaccination may have brucellosis; it's necessary to rule out TB and other possibilities.
  • Family Illness Diagnosis: A family presenting with chest pain, cough, phlegm, and environmental issues might be diagnosed with legionella pneumonia
  • Study Design: A doctor's observation of a disease pattern triggered investigation into the effect on children with a similar condition. A cross-sectional observation study is recommended.
  • Insurance Premium Adjustments: Increase in premiums are noted due to adjusted costs, and may be reflected in deductible, copayment, coinsurance or premiums.
  • Disease Prevalence Research: Systemic review and meta-analysis of disease prevalence use cross-sectional studies.
  • Saudi Arabia Health Priorities: Saudi Arabia focuses on controlling diseases like obesity.
  • Disaster Management: Sending a team to an earthquake-affected country falls under a disaster management response phase.
  • Health Financing: Implemeting health financing systems, typically by the government, is best done by leveraging value-based financing.
  • Health Variations: Socio-economic factors, access to healthcare, are reasons for health disparities between populations and countries.
  • Obesity Prevention: Public health officials educate about healthy eating as a key way to combat obesity.
  • Health Literacy Education: Social media or "feedback" based programs are one way to provide health education and awareness.
  • Medication Side Effects and Research: A hypothesis that there is no relationship between two factors is a null hypothesis.
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Repetitive movements, forceful work, or wrist postures lead to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome by putting pressure on the ulnar nerve.

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Description

This quiz covers various topics in public health, including increasing breast cancer rates, ergonomic concerns related to workplace injuries, and the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns. It also touches on research presentation benefits and patient communication in healthcare settings. Test your understanding of these critical public health issues today!

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