Public Health and Collective Behavior Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide?

Accidents

Tobacco use (correct)

Heart disease

Cancer

Which age group primarily experiences death from accidents and suicide?

Children under 1

Ages 45–64

Ages 1–44 (correct)

Ages 65 and older

What factor is described as a 'fundamental' cause affecting health?

Personal health behaviours

Social determinants (correct)

Genetic factors

Accidental injuries

How does socioeconomic status affect individuals?

It affects access to material resources and mental health. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of the sick role according to Parsons?

Not responsible for the condition Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes collective behavior?

Spontaneous and unconventional Signup and view all the answers

Which disease-related trend is observed in high-income countries?

Decreasing tobacco use Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is NOT a current public health challenge?

Improved sanitation Signup and view all the answers

Which theory posits that crowd behavior is driven by prior predispositions of individuals?

Convergence Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of contagion theory in explaining crowd behavior?

Milling and collective excitement Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the alteration of rumors over time?

Distortion Signup and view all the answers

What best describes urban legends?

Abstract stories with a constant historical basis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of collective behavior in crowds as stated in the content?

Anarchists gathering for a riot Signup and view all the answers

What does the Resource Mobilization Theory suggest about social movements?

They rely on the effective utilization of resources by leaders. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of moral panic in societies?

It often involves mass media amplification of fears. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the phenomenon where population pressures exceed the ecological carrying capacity?

Ecological overshoot Signup and view all the answers

What is 'greenwashing' as it pertains to marketing?

Claiming products are sustainable without proper evidence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes one of the dimensions of social change?

The means utilized to achieve the change. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total Canadian population identified as Catholic according to the 2001 Census?

43.6% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following provinces had the highest population of Protestant individuals?

Newfoundland and Labrador Signup and view all the answers

According to the 2001 Census, how many individuals in Canada identified as Jewish?

329,995 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following religions had the least representation in New Brunswick according to the 2001 Census?

Sikh Signup and view all the answers

In terms of total population, which religion had the largest number following Christianity in Canada?

Islam Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of individuals in Canada with no religious affiliation according to the 2001 Census?

4,900,090 Signup and view all the answers

Which province had the highest number of Muslim individuals in the 2001 Census?

Newfoundland and Labrador Signup and view all the answers

How many individuals in Canada identified as Hindu in the 2001 Census?

297,200 Signup and view all the answers

Which crime is most prevalent according to crime statistics?

Property crime Signup and view all the answers

What role does punishment serve under the deterrence model?

To prevent crime through prompt, severe, and certain consequences Signup and view all the answers

According to Hirschi's social control theory, which of the following is NOT a component of social bonds?

Rebellion Signup and view all the answers

What is primary deviance in labeling theory?

A minor act of deviance without significant social consequence Signup and view all the answers

What concept is associated with restorative justice?

Restoring the conflict through community participation Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is NOT typically associated with harm reduction strategies?

Punitive legal actions against users Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of non-intervention strategies in labeling theory?

To avoid negative outcomes resulting from labeling Signup and view all the answers

What can result from secondary deviance according to labeling theory?

Internalization of deviant identity Signup and view all the answers

What type of capital does religion provide, which helps in building social networks?

Social capital Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the contemporary conflict view on religion?

Agent of social control Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Weber associate with the Protestant doctrine that supported capitalism?

Economic activity as vocation Signup and view all the answers

According to sociologists, what aspect of knowledge do they study that governs the scientific community?

Normative structure Signup and view all the answers

What is deviance considered to be in social contexts?

Socially constructed Signup and view all the answers

What defines a crime in a legal context?

The law must define it as criminal Signup and view all the answers

Which two elements must be proven for someone to be held criminally responsible?

The guilty act and intent to commit the act Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes high-consensus deviance compared to low-consensus deviance?

Universal agreement on what is deviant Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Final Exam Review: Chapters 10-14

Review covers chapters 10 through 14.

Chapter 10: Religion, Science, and Education

Belief systems include claims about reality, ethical and moral claims, and technologies. These elements connect to belief systems.
Diverse definitions exist for religion. Globally, at least 22 major religions exist. Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism are among the largest. Canadian religious affiliation and attendance are declining.

Deviance is socially constructed; something is deviant if influential people deem it so. High-consensus deviance contrasts with low-consensus deviance.
Criminal behavior represents a specific type of deviance studied by criminologists. Crime is any act violating criminal law, and specific behaviors vary over time.
Legal elements for an act to be considered a crime include legal definitions of the act/behavior, and the prosecution proving both the guilty act (actus reus) and the intent (mens rea) needed to commit the act.
Crime statistics provide a measurable standard definition, and the Uniform Crime Reporting System (UCR) is a tool used for this. A gap exists between perceived and actual crime, particularly regarding the portrayal of violence in media versus the reality of crimes committed.
Punishment aims to serve retribution, deter crime (prompt, severe, certain punishment), protect society, and rehabilitate offenders.
Social control theories, like Hirschi's (1969) theory include attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief as restraints from deviance.
Labelling theory, according to Lemert (1951), details primary deviance (an insignificant event), social penalties, and secondary deviance followed by formal penalties leading to intensified community stigmatization and the acceptance of a deviant role to perpetuate the conduct.
Label Theory Derivatives address non-intervention, lack of positive outcomes, diversion, extrajudicial sanctions, conditional discharge, restorative justice, and harm reduction (health-centered, meeting individuals' needs, and offering different options like needle deposit boxes, safe injection sites, and halfway houses).
Merton's modes of adaptation (conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion) explain individual responses to cultural goals and institutionalized means.

Chapter 12: Health and Illness

Early 20th century health had trends of increasing life expectancy and decreasing infant mortality due to improved sanitation, food security, and public health/medicine. Conversely, present-day health trends include high life expectancy, with degenerative diseases replacing infectious epidemics as the main causes of mortality. New diseases correlated with social forces are noted.
Death causes vary by sex and age. Women commonly face cancer, heart disease, and stroke; men, cancer, heart disease, and accidents. Age increases the likelihood of encountering degenerative diseases. Accidents and suicide are prevalent among those in the 1-44 age range.
Personal health determinants include tobacco use as a leading cause of preventable death globally, with increasing rates in low/middle-income countries and declining rates in high-income countries. Advertising and movies impact youth.
Social inequality impacts health outcomes even with personal health behavior considered. Socioeconomic status and ethnic inequality contribute, influencing access to resources like food and water as well as influencing mental health and personal determinants of health.
Functionalist theories of health and illness, as exemplified by Parsons (1951), focus on the sick role, comprising temporary exemption from social roles, lack of responsibility for one's condition, responsibility to improve, and responsibility to seek good medical care.

Collective behaviors involve group actions that are usually spontaneous, unstructured, and unconventional, sometimes occurring in crowds or as more dispersed forms (e.g., casual crowds, conventional crowds, acting crowds, etc.).
Theories explaining crowd behavior include contagion theory, based on anonymity, contagion, and suggestibility. Blumer's theory includes milling, collective excitement, and social contagion.
Convergence theory views crowd behavior as rational, with prior predispositions bringing individuals together (e.g. anarchists converging for a riot).
Fashions are long-lasting, popular patterns commonly involving clothing and accessories. Specific changing fashions, 1830-1950 have been noted.
Rumours are unsubstantiated stories that may change and distort over time. Processes such as levelling, sharpening, and assimilation will alter the content and shape of the rumour itself.
Urban legends are abstract stories with underlying meanings that persist over time.
Panic describes widespread fear, and examples exist, e.g. the 1938 War of the Worlds radio broadcast.
Moral panics stem from folk devils, moral entrepreneurs, mass media, and disproportionality.

Chapter 14: Environmental Sociology

Ecological overshoot describes exceeding Earth's capacity to sustain human activity; the ecological footprint for humanity is currently 1.5 planets. Malthus (1766-1834) argued for population checks to prevent exceeding carrying capacity.
Industrialization impacts society through factors including population size and growth rates, birth/death rates trends, and socioeconomic factors.
Overconsumption utilizes resources at a rate that surpasses sustainability. Canada serves as an example, creating 34 million tonnes of solid waste annually.
Greenwashing occurs within marketing, with companies presenting products as eco-friendly while they may not be. Statistics indicate the prevalence of greenwashing.

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Description

Test your knowledge on critical public health issues and the dynamics of collective behavior. This quiz covers key concepts, theories, and trends affecting societal health and behavior. Discover the relationships between socioeconomic status, health outcomes, and community actions.