Public Administration in India: Lesson 1

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Zero Base Budgeting (ZBB)?

Incremental financial adjustments

Prioritizing programs based on necessity (correct)

Historical budget funding levels

Setting a fixed budget for future years

Which principle is essential for effective budget preparation and execution?

Adherence to established national programs (correct)

Flexibility in spending without oversight

Minimal involvement of governmental oversight

Guaranteed increases in funding yearly

What is the significance of Administrative Tribunals in the Indian context?

To provide quick justice in administrative matters (correct)

To enhance bureaucratic bureaucracy

To replace traditional court systems entirely

To minimize the role of the judiciary

What is the need for Delegated Legislation?

To fill in details of laws passed by the legislature Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Lokpal play in the Indian administrative structure?

Addresses corruption within public services Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between Administrative Law and Constitutional Law?

Administrative Law functions within the framework of Constitutional Law Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of performance budgeting?

Linking budgets to measurable outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of effective public administration according to the discussed principles?

Impartial and efficient execution of national plans Signup and view all the answers

Who is regarded as the 'Father of Public Administration'?

Woodrow Wilson Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'administration' primarily refer to?

Management of affairs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following trends is part of the recent changes in Public Administration?

New Public Management Signup and view all the answers

According to Herbert A., how can administration be defined?

Activities of cooperative groups aiming for common goals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the nature of Public Administration?

It involves the systematic study and implementation of government policies. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'E-Governance' refer to within Public Administration?

Use of technology in government operations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the scope of Public Administration?

It encompasses all branches of government and public service. Signup and view all the answers

When did the separation of administration from politics prominently begin?

With the publication of Wilson's essay in 1887 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of judicial control over administrative acts?

To ensure legality and protect citizens' rights Signup and view all the answers

Which writ is specifically used to release a person detained unlawfully?

Writ of Habeas Corpus Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Mandamus' most closely mean?

We command Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a form of judicial control?

Constitutional amendments Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a judicial review to take place?

Administrative decisions to be challenged Signup and view all the answers

Which Article of the constitution provides remedies by way of writs?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

Which writ is used to command a lower court or authority to perform a duty?

Writ of Mandamus Signup and view all the answers

What does the Writ of Certiorari facilitate?

Reviewing administrative decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is centralization in the context of organizational management?

The concentration of authority at the top levels of government Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered when applying the principles of centralization and decentralization according to Fesler?

Cultural factors Signup and view all the answers

Which function is likely to favor centralization?

National defense Signup and view all the answers

How does the role of an administrator differ in direct supervision compared to access?

An administrator can supervise few but remain accessible to many. Signup and view all the answers

What does decentralization imply in organizational management?

Authority is distributed among middle and lower management Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key consideration for the central authority in deciding between centralization and decentralization?

The level of stability in the agency's policies Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an agency's age on the decision to centralize or decentralize?

Older agencies tend to favor decentralization due to established structures. Signup and view all the answers

How do external factors influence the application of centralization and decentralization?

They can necessitate centralization in response to societal pressures. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of functional structures in organizations?

Provides a framework for applying expert knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a disadvantage of a functional structure?

It tends towards centralization of authority Signup and view all the answers

In a functional organizational structure, what contradicts traditional managerial assumptions?

Employees often report to multiple managers Signup and view all the answers

Why should formal managers not abolish informal relationships within an organization?

They contribute to cohesiveness and employee satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of functional departments in an organization?

They possess functional authority and control Signup and view all the answers

What does C.I. Barnard suggest about informal organizations?

They help create a sense of belonging among members Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of functional departments compared to staff roles?

They handle more specialized tasks than line personnel Signup and view all the answers

According to Keith Davis, what is a significant impact of informal organization?

Improves productivity and job satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Budgeting Concepts in India

Focus areas include performance budgeting, zero base budgeting (ZBB), and budget preparation, authorization, and execution with a special emphasis on India.
Contributors to this field are Dr. B.B. Goel, Dr. Ramesh Pal, and Dr. Emanual Nahar.

Introduction to Public Administration

Public administration has gained significance in modern society, influencing state activities and policymaking.
Originated from Woodrow Wilson's 1887 essay “The Study of Administration,” marking the separation of administration and politics.
Wilson is recognized as the "Father of Public Administration."

Definitions and Nature of Public Administration

Administration involves managing affairs through cooperation to achieve common goals.
Terms such as "administration" imply management in both public and private sectors.
Public administration is characterized by independent, systematic study and is affected by trends like Good Governance and E-Governance.

Judicial Control in Public Administration

Judicial control is essential for ensuring legality and protecting citizen rights against unlawful actions.
It includes mechanisms such as judicial review, statutory appeals, and tort claims against government entities.
Key forms of judicial control utilize writs prescribed by Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution, including:
- Writ of Habeas Corpus: Ensures protection against unlawful detention.
- Writ of Mandamus: A command for authorities to perform their duties.
- Writ of Certiorari: Allows higher courts to review lower tribunal decisions.

Centralization and Decentralization

Centralization consolidates authority, while decentralization disperses it across various levels of government.
The application of these principles depends on factors such as responsibility, administrative efficiency, and specific functions needing either centralized control or public participation.

Organisational Structure

Functionality within organizations includes a balance between formal and informal structures.
A functional structure can lead to complexities due to the overlap of authority, potentially challenging traditional managerial principles like unity of command.
Advantages of a functional approach include alleviation of routine tasks for line executives and the incorporation of expert knowledge, although it can complicate coordination and foster centralization.

Importance of Informal Organizations

Informal organizations play a crucial role in fostering cohesiveness, job satisfaction, and productivity within formal structures.
Their existence is acknowledged as vital for achieving organizational objectives and enhancing employee morale.

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Description

Explore the meaning, nature, and scope of public administration as outlined in 'Public Administration in India: Emerging Trends.' This lesson provides foundational knowledge critical for understanding the dynamics of public administration in the Indian context.