Questions and Answers
What physical change in males is associated with puberty?
What is the primary function of the testicles?
Which of the following changes is NOT typically experienced during puberty?
What role does the epididymis play in male reproduction?
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Which gland is responsible for regulating growth and metabolism during puberty?
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What is a common cognitive change experienced during puberty?
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Which physical change occurs in females during puberty?
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What is the main function of the vas deferens?
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What is the main function of the ovaries?
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What occurs during the ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle?
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Which stage of prenatal development lasts from fertilisation to 2 weeks?
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What is the role of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?
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What is the cervix's primary function?
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What happens during the post-ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle?
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What characterizes the foetal stage of prenatal development?
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What is the function of a contraceptive implant?
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Study Notes
Puberty and Adolescence
- Puberty marks the transition from childhood to adulthood and includes the development of sexual maturity and reproductive capabilities.
- Adolescence is the period following puberty that encompasses the physical and emotional changes associated with becoming an adult.
Male Pubic Changes
- Physical changes during puberty include broadened chest and shoulders, deepened voice, facial hair growth, and genital growth.
- Males experience growth spurts and develop the ability to ejaculate.
Female Pubic Changes
- Key physical changes for females include breast growth, widened hips, and a narrowing waist.
- The onset of menstruation is a significant milestone in female puberty.
Shared Pubic Changes
- Both males and females experience mood swings, increased oil production, and pubic hair growth during puberty.
Emotional Changes
- Hormonal fluctuations during puberty can trigger mood swings, insecurity, and a sense of growing responsibility.
Social Changes
- Young people often seek greater independence, experience frequent family conflicts, and develop sexual interests due to hormonal effects on behavior.
Cognitive Changes
- The brain matures during puberty, enhancing decision-making abilities, problem-solving skills, perspective-taking, and abstract thinking.
Male Reproductive System
- Testes/testicles produce testosterone and sperm, the latter transported to the epididymis.
- Scrotum regulates teste temperature via skin loosening and tightening for heat release and retention.
Sperm and Associated Structures
- Epididymis stores sperm, sending it through the vas deferens to the seminal vesicle and prostate gland to create semen.
- The prostate gland and seminal vesicle produce fluids that nourish and facilitate sperm transport.
Urinary and Reproductive Functions
- Urethra serves to carry urine and semen, though not simultaneously.
- Penis functions as the male reproductive organ; it becomes erect during arousal and allows for ejaculation.
Female Reproductive System
- Ovaries produce estrogen and store ova (female sex cells).
- Fallopian tubes transport the egg to the uterus where fertilization occurs, leading to embryo development.
Uterus and Menstrual Cycle
- The uterus is where the fetus develops during pregnancy, surrounded by endometrium, which prepares monthly for potential implantation.
- Menstrual cycle phases include menstruation, pre-ovulation, ovulation, and post-ovulation, each involving specific hormonal and physical changes.
Prenatal Lifespan Stages (GEF)
- Germinal stage: Lasts 0-2 weeks post-fertilization; fertilized egg implants onto the endometrium and the placenta forms.
- Embryonic stage: Lasts 3-8 weeks; the embryo develops internal and external organs.
- Foetal stage: All muscles, organs, and nerves fully develop and begin functioning.
Fertilization and Contraception
- Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell successfully reaches and penetrates an ovum.
- Abstinence refers to refraining from engaging in sexual activity.
- Contraceptive implant: A flexible rod containing progesterone, inserted under the skin to prevent pregnancy for up to three years.
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Description
This quiz covers the significant changes that occur during puberty and adolescence, highlighting the differences between male and female developments. You'll explore physical changes, emotional fluctuations, and key milestones that signal the transition from childhood to adulthood.
