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Questions and Answers
At what age range does puberty typically occur?
At what age range does puberty typically occur?
Boys and girls begin puberty at the same age.
Boys and girls begin puberty at the same age.
False (B)
What is the main purpose of ultrasound scans during pregnancy?
What is the main purpose of ultrasound scans during pregnancy?
To monitor the baby's growth, detect abnormalities, and check for the baby's position and health.
The time from fertilization to birth is called __________.
The time from fertilization to birth is called __________.
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What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?
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Match the changes during puberty to the correct gender:
Match the changes during puberty to the correct gender:
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What occurs when a sperm cell meets an egg?
What occurs when a sperm cell meets an egg?
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The menstrual cycle lasts approximately 28 days for all females.
The menstrual cycle lasts approximately 28 days for all females.
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Female sex hormones are produced in the testes.
Female sex hormones are produced in the testes.
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What is semen a mixture of?
What is semen a mixture of?
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During the menstrual cycle, if the egg is not fertilised, the lining of the uterus begins to break down and the cycle starts again from Day ______.
During the menstrual cycle, if the egg is not fertilised, the lining of the uterus begins to break down and the cycle starts again from Day ______.
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What is the initial cell formed when a sperm and an egg combine?
What is the initial cell formed when a sperm and an egg combine?
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Match the following methods of contraception with their descriptions:
Match the following methods of contraception with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a method of seed dispersal?
Which of the following is NOT a method of seed dispersal?
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Semen and urine can be released simultaneously when the penis is erect.
Semen and urine can be released simultaneously when the penis is erect.
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What hormone-controlled phase occurs when an egg cell is released from the ovary?
What hormone-controlled phase occurs when an egg cell is released from the ovary?
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The primary components of the female reproductive system include the uterus, ______, and ovaries.
The primary components of the female reproductive system include the uterus, ______, and ovaries.
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What happens to the wall of the uterus after Day 14 in the menstrual cycle, assuming no pregnancy?
What happens to the wall of the uterus after Day 14 in the menstrual cycle, assuming no pregnancy?
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At what week do muscle movements such as kicking and swallowing begin in a developing fetus?
At what week do muscle movements such as kicking and swallowing begin in a developing fetus?
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The placenta serves as a barrier against infections during pregnancy.
The placenta serves as a barrier against infections during pregnancy.
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What is the function of the umbilical cord?
What is the function of the umbilical cord?
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A seed needs water, warmth, and __________ to germinate.
A seed needs water, warmth, and __________ to germinate.
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Match the following reproductive structures with their functions:
Match the following reproductive structures with their functions:
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What can smoking during pregnancy lead to?
What can smoking during pregnancy lead to?
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Self-pollination occurs between two different plants.
Self-pollination occurs between two different plants.
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Describe two differences between insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated plants.
Describe two differences between insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated plants.
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The __________ is the sweet and fleshy product of a plant that contains seeds.
The __________ is the sweet and fleshy product of a plant that contains seeds.
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During which process does the embryo attach to the uterus? (Human-based)
During which process does the embryo attach to the uterus? (Human-based)
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The main role of cilia in the oviduct is to transport sperm to the egg.
The main role of cilia in the oviduct is to transport sperm to the egg.
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How do sperm cells reach egg cells?
How do sperm cells reach egg cells?
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The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma is called __________.
The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma is called __________.
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Match the following stages of pregnancy with their descriptions:
Match the following stages of pregnancy with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Adolescence
- Adolescence is the period of growth from childhood to adulthood, marked by emotional and physical changes.
- Mood swings, anger, fatigue, and experimentation with risky behaviors (e.g., alcohol) are common during adolescence.
- Puberty, the period of physical changes, occurs between ages 9-14, typically earlier in girls than boys, varying between individuals.
- Puberty primarily involves changes to the reproductive system, enabling the possibility of parenthood in later life.
- Sex hormones, chemical messengers in the bloodstream, trigger puberty.
- Female hormones are produced in the ovaries, while male hormones are produced in the testes.
Puberty Changes
- Boys and Girls: Hair growth in underarm and pubic areas, height increase, increased body odor, emotional changes.
- Girls: Breast development, vaginal hair growth, egg cell production in ovaries, menstruation, widening hips, ovary production of female hormones.
- Boys: Muscle development, penis and testicle enlargement, testicle production of sperm and male hormones, shoulder broadening, deeper voice, facial, arm, leg, and underarm hair growth.
Fetal Development
- Fertilization: Sperm and egg nuclei join to form a zygote.
- Implantation: Fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining.
- Gestation: Time from fertilization to birth (approximately 9 months/40 weeks).
- Ultrasound Scans: Used to monitor fetal growth, detect abnormalities, and assess fetal position and health.
Stages of Fetal Development
- 1 Week: Cell specialization begins.
- 4 Weeks: Spine, brain, and heart begin forming.
- 9 Weeks: Movement, sense of touch, eye and ear formation begin.
- 12 Weeks: Muscle activity (kicking, swallowing), lung practice.
Supporting Structures During Pregnancy
- Placenta: Facilitates nutrient and waste exchange between mother and fetus, acts as an immune barrier.
- Umbilical Cord: Connects the fetus to the placenta.
- Amniotic Fluid: Cushions and protects the fetus against shocks.
Factors Affecting Fetal Development
- Smoking: Can lead to premature birth.
- Alcohol Consumption: Can impact brain development.
- Drug Use: Can harm fetal growth and organ formation.
Birth Process
- Uterine contractions expel the baby through the vagina.
- Umbilical cord is cut after birth.
- Placenta is delivered as the afterbirth.
Fertilisation and Germination
- Pollination: Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma (by wind or insects).
- Pollination Methods Differences: Insect-pollinated flowers are often scented, colorful, and produce sticky or spiky pollen, while wind-pollinated flowers are small, dull, have no scent or nectar, and produce smooth, light pollen.
- Germination Factors: Seeds need water, warmth (to speed up reactions) , and oxygen (for respiration).
Fertilisation and Implantation
- Fertilization: The joining of egg and sperm nuclei.
- Gametes: Reproductive cells (egg and sperm).
- Embryo Development: Fertilized egg divides into a ball of cells.
- Implantation: Embryo attaches to the uterine lining.
- Sexual Intercourse: Semen (containing sperm) is released into the woman's vagina.
- Ejaculation: Semen released.
- Sperm Travel: Sperm swim to the egg in the oviduct.
- Cilia: Tiny hairs in the fallopian tubes assist egg movement.
Reproductive Systems
- Male Reproductive System: Testes (produce sperm and hormones), glands (produce nutrients for sperm), sperm ducts (carry sperm), urethra (carries urine or sperm), penis (transfers sperm, carries urine).
- Female Reproductive System: (Details in separate section, but includes ovaries (contain eggs), Fallopian tubes (oviducts))
Seed Dispersal
- Seeds are dispersed to prevent competition. Methods include wind, animals, water, and explosion.
Menstrual Cycle
- Menstruation: Discharge of uterine lining.
- Menstrual cycle: Monthly sequence, typically 28 days.
- Ovulation: Egg release from ovary.
- Contraception: Methods to prevent pregnancy (e.g., condoms, pill).
- Contraception Methods: Condoms (barrier method preventing semen entry) and the pill (hormonal method preventing ovulation).
- Menstrual Cycle Stages Describe the phases of the menstrual cycle (ovulation, menstruation, egg maturation, uterine wall changes)).
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Description
This quiz explores the physical and emotional changes experienced during adolescence, including puberty's impact on boys and girls. It covers key developments such as hormone production and the differences in growth patterns between genders. Test your knowledge on the various aspects of this crucial life stage.
