PTH 121 Unit 6: Peripheral Vascular Disease Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of pathology?

The study of health

The alteration of psychological states

The study of disease (correct)

The examination of medical treatment outcomes

Which of the following describes a broader term than disease?

Illness (correct)

Pathology

Health

Disorder

What psychological trait may lead to increased dependency in response to disease?

Stoic personality

Narcissistic personality

Independent personality

Dependent personality (correct)

In the continuum between health and disease, where do most people typically fall?

Somewhere in the middle Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the perception of not being well?

Illness Signup and view all the answers

What may influence how a person reacts to disease?

The psychological state prior to illness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of peripheral vascular disease?

Chronic respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

What response to disease may be common in individuals regardless of personality type?

Denial Signup and view all the answers

What element does health reflect according to the definitions provided?

Absence of disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lab tests is used to assess blood glucose levels?

Blood glucose level (BS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding a patient's premorbid personality in physical therapy?

To help achieve optimum health Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique uses high-frequency sound waves to view internal structures?

Ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

Which disease classification pertains to genetic or developmental abnormalities?

Congenital/Hereditary Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease treatment focuses on relieving symptoms rather than curing the underlying cause?

Symptomatic treatment Signup and view all the answers

What type of symptoms are categorized as subjective complaints?

Painful joint stiffness Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a known risk factor for Arterial Insufficiency?

Renal disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of arteriosclerosis?

Thickening and hardening of arterial walls Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of a disease relates to its cause?

Etiology Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves the insertion of a tube with a light to view inside the body?

Endoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'guarded prognosis' imply regarding recovery?

Recovery with therapy is limited Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to evaluate a diagnosis?

Treatment options Signup and view all the answers

Arteriosclerosis obliterans is most likely to lead to which of the following complications?

Ulceration Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of specific treatments, such as the surgical removal of a diseased organ?

Curative in nature Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pathology in the context of disease?

The study of the essential nature of disease and its effects on tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a cytological test?

Biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What defines 'acute' duration in terms of disease characteristics?

Rapid onset with short duration Signup and view all the answers

Which vascular system is affected by Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)?

Arterial, venous, and lymphatic systems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an exogenous cause of disease?

West Nile virus infection Signup and view all the answers

In which disease classification would you categorize rheumatoid arthritis?

Inflammatory Signup and view all the answers

What are common characteristics of dry, punched out wounds associated with ulcers?

Located primarily on the lateral malleoli and toes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is most important in preventing complications related to peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

Preventing smoking Signup and view all the answers

What role does exercise play in the management of patients with arterial wounds?

It improves collateral circulation and aids in weight control. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of a nonhealing wound on an ischemic limb?

Gangrene and possible limb amputation Signup and view all the answers

How is the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) measured?

By dividing the LE pressure by UE pressure using a sphygmomanometer Signup and view all the answers

What should be the primary focus of a physical therapist when addressing wound care for arterial wounds?

Providing patient education and exercise guidance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Buerger's disease?

Inflammation leading to arterial occlusion Signup and view all the answers

What triggers attacks in Raynaud's disease?

Cold or emotional upset Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of Acute Arterial Occlusive Disease?

Abrupt onset of pain Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary risk factor for developing Thromboangiitis obliterans?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with chronic arterial insufficiency?

Intermittent claudication Signup and view all the answers

What causes the 'deathlike pallor' seen in Acute Arterial Occlusive Disease?

Acute loss of blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a likely treatment option for Acute Arterial Occlusive Disease?

IV heparin administration Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by ambiguous cause and causes pallor and cyanosis of extremities?

Raynaud's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of chronic arterial insufficiency due to atherosclerosis?

Decreased pulse quality Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an ulcer associated with arterial insufficiency?

Linked to ischemia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

PVD encompasses arterial, venous, and lymphatic disorders.
Pathology is the study of disease.
Disease is a bodily malfunction.
Illness is a deviation from health, encompassing a person's response to not being well.
Health is the absence of disease, encompassing a person's biologic, psychological, spiritual, and sociologic states.
Most people fall somewhere on a continuum between health and disease.

Learner Objectives (PTH 121- Unit 6, HO #3)

Differentiate between arterial, venous, and lymphatic peripheral vascular disease (PVD).
Identify signs, symptoms, and treatments for conditions like thrombosis, atherosclerosis, Buerger's disease, Raynaud's Syndrome, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and chronic venous insufficiency.
Demonstrate assessment methods for PVD including circumferential and volumetric measurements.

Disease Characteristics

Symptoms are subjective complaints.
Signs are objective manifestations detectable by tests and procedures.
Etiology is the cause of the disease, endogenous (internal) or exogenous (external).
Pathology investigates the nature of disease changes in tissues and organs.
Pathogenesis refers to the development of disease.
Onset can be sudden (acute) or gradual (insidious).
Duration can be short (acute) or long (chronic).

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Lab tests, including CBC, blood glucose, urinalysis, and biopsies.
Radiography, including X-rays, CT scans, and mammograms.
MRI and endoscopy (e.g., bronchoscopy, colonoscopy).
Ultrasound (Doppler studies for blood vessels).
Phlebotomy (blood draw).
Electrical activity tests (EMG, EEG, EKG).
Cardiac catheterization.

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) Types

Arterial Insufficiency: Inadequate blood flow to a body region, risk factors include smoking, cardiac disease, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol/triglycerides.
Venous Insufficiency: Inadequate drainage of venous blood, often leading to edema and/or skin abnormalities (ulcers).
Lymphatic Insufficiency: Abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid in tissues.

Common Types of Arterial Disease

Arteriosclerosis obliterans: Characterized by intermittent claudication, rest pain, and trophic changes.
Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease): Arterial inflammation, often associated with smoking.
Raynaud's disease: Vasospasm of small arteries in response to cold or emotional stress.
Acute Arterial Occlusive Disease: Sudden blockage of blood flow to extremities, potentially leading to ischemia, necrosis, and gangrene. (caused by thrombus or embolus).

Chronic Arterial Insufficiency

Plaque build-up in artery walls and narrowing.
Common symptoms include intermittent claudication (muscle pain with activity), and rest pain (constant pain when limb at rest).

Venous Insufficiency

Occurs when veins cannot adequately drain blood.
Symptoms include leg swelling, aching/heaviness, cramping, skin changes.
Risk factors include obesity, varicose veins, and prolonged standing.

Lymphedema

Chronic disorder caused by impaired lymphatic system function.
Characterized by swelling and fluid accumulation, potentially leading to skin changes and fibrosis.
Associated with conditions like DVTs and surgeries.

Diagnostic Tools

Observing skin changes (color, temperature, wounds), and palpating pulses.
Using tools like circumferential measurements, Doppler ultrasound, capillary refill.
Venous filling time.
Claudication test (assessing symptom onset with exercise).
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) to measure blood flow.

Treatment

Treating the symptoms
Treating the cause
Preventative measures
Surgical Interventions
Medical/Surgical Interventions, depending on the specific diagnosis

Prognosis and Complication

Based on severity and other pre-existing conditions.
Chronic disease complications could include amputation.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the key concepts of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) as outlined in PTH 121 Unit 6. You will learn to differentiate between arterial, venous, and lymphatic disorders, identify signs and symptoms, and explore treatments for various PVD conditions. Additionally, assessment methods will be covered to help deepen your understanding of this critical health topic.