PTH 105 Unit 4 Medical Emergencies

Questions and Answers

Match the medical terms with their definitions:

Stroke = Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Diabetes Mellitus Type I = Body does not produce insulin Hypoglycemia = Low blood sugar Dehydration = Excessive loss of water

Match the conditions with their potential risks:

Hyperglycemia = Diabetic coma Hypoglycemia = Can be life-threatening Internal bleeding = Caused by trauma Stroke = Ischemic nature can lead to severe deficits

Match the type of Diabetes Mellitus with its description:

Type I = Requires insulin injections Type II = Managed by diet and exercise Hypoglycemia = Dangerously low blood glucose Hyperglycemia = Elevated blood glucose levels

Match the medical response with the appropriate scenario:

CAB = Procedure for unconscious patient CPR Call 911 = Immediate action for stroke or heart attack Administer TPA = Within 3 hours of stroke onset Treat dehydration = Address excessive water loss Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptoms associated with Diabetes Mellitus:

Type I Diabetes = Juvenile onset Type II Diabetes = Often associated with obesity Hypoglycemia = Blood sugar below normal levels Hyperglycemia = Prolonged high blood sugar Signup and view all the answers

Match the condition with its characteristic feature:

Stroke = Can manifest as sudden weakness Internal bleeding = Requires urgent medical attention Diabetes Mellitus = Long-term damage to various organs Dehydration = Can lead to shock if untreated Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their related treatments:

Hypoglycemia = Quick sugar intake Dehydration = Fluid replacement therapy Stroke = TPA administration Hyperglycemia = Insulin therapy Signup and view all the answers

Match the complications with their related diseases:

CAD = Complication of Diabetes Mellitus Kidney disease = Long-term effect of high glucose Stroke = Acute cerebrovascular incident Blindness = Result of chronic hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Match the risk factors with the disease:

Type II Diabetes = Diet and sedentary lifestyle Hyperglycemia = Lack of insulin or insulin resistance Stroke = High blood pressure and diabetes Dehydration = Inadequate water intake Signup and view all the answers

Match the warning signs with their significance:

Stroke warning signs = Promptly call 911 Diabetes Mellitus = Regular monitoring necessary Hypoglycemia signs = Immediate intervention needed Dehydration signs = Can escalate to shock if untreated Signup and view all the answers

Match the medical emergency with its description:

External Bleeding = Loss of blood from the circulatory system Shock = Failure of the cardiovascular system to maintain adequate blood pressure Fractures = Break in the continuity of the bone Burns = Injury to tissue caused by heat or chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of shock with its cause:

Hypovolemic Shock = Caused by low circulating blood volume Cardiogenic Shock = Failure of the heart to pump effectively Obstructive Shock = Due to obstruction of blood flow Distributive Shock = Widespread vasodilation leading to inadequate blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Match the condition with its symptom:

Orthostatic Hypotension = Dizziness when standing up Seizures = Involuntary muscle contractions Choking = Inability to breathe due to airway obstruction Cardiac Arrest = Loss of consciousness and responsiveness Signup and view all the answers

Match the emergency response to its situation:

Burns = Prevent wound contamination and reduce pain Seizures = Protect the person from injury during the episode Choking = Perform the Heimlich maneuver if necessary Autonomic Dysreflexia = Address noxious stimuli quickly Signup and view all the answers

Match the injury to its first aid step:

Fractures = Immobilize the injured area External Bleeding = Apply direct pressure to stop bleeding Burns = Cool the burn under running water Orthostatic Hypotension = Assist the person to a seated position Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of burn with its severity:

First Degree Burn = Involves only the outer layer of skin Second Degree Burn = Involves the outer layer and the underlying layer Third Degree Burn = Extends through the deeper tissues Fourth Degree Burn = May involve muscle and bone Signup and view all the answers

Match the first aid procedure with its relevant medical emergency:

Apply Oxygen = Cardiac Arrest Calm the Patient = Shock Assess Breathing = Choking Monitor for injuries = Seizures Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptom with the emergency condition:

Lightheadedness = Orthostatic Hypotension Cold Sweats = Shock Chest Pain = Cardiac Arrest Unconsciousness = Seizures Signup and view all the answers

Match the cardiogenic concern with its definition:

Myocardial Infarction = Death of heart muscle due to ischemia Heart Failure = Inability of the heart to pump sufficiently Arrhythmia = Irregular heartbeat Angina = Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to heart Signup and view all the answers

Match the medical emergency with its potential complication:

Shock = Organ failure due to inadequate perfusion Burns = Infection from skin barrier loss Fractures = Compartment syndrome from swelling Seizures = Injury during the episode Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Principles of Management in a Medical Emergency

Effective management is crucial in emergencies to stabilize patients and ensure safety.

Signs, Symptoms, and General Management of Selected Medical Emergencies

External Bleeding/Lacerations

Control bleeding through direct pressure and elevation of the affected area.

Shock

Defined as inadequate blood pressure and oxygen delivery to tissues.
Low circulating blood volume significantly reduces blood pressure.
Four types of shock include hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive.

Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension

Sudden drop in blood pressure due to position changes, leading to dizziness or fainting.
Blood pools in lower extremities when standing.
Common symptoms include lightheadedness, nausea, and cold sweats.

Fractures

Immobilize the affected area to prevent further injury.
Monitor for signs of shock and neurovascular status.

Burns

Prioritize preventing wound contamination, pain management, and shock prevention.

Seizures

Ensure safety by protecting the person from injury.
Maintain patient's modesty and privacy during the episode.

Choking

Apply CPR if necessary, utilizing the Heimlich maneuver to clear the airway.

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Characterized by an exaggerated sympathetic nervous system response to stimuli.
Manage by identifying and eliminating the noxious stimulus.

Cardiac Arrest/Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Caused by decreased blood flow and oxygen to the heart, often due to coronary artery obstruction.
Conscious patients should be calm and supported in a comfortable position; administer oxygen and medication as appropriate.
Unconscious patients require immediate CPR (CAB method) and 911 call.

Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)

Early recognition of symptoms is critical for minimizing damage; TPA can be effective within 3 hours for ischemic strokes.
Public education encourages awareness of warning signs, sometimes referred to as "brain attack."

Internal Bleeding

Often results from trauma; requires swift assessment and potentially life-saving interventions.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

A chronic condition marked by high blood sugar levels due to insulin production issues.
Long-term consequences include cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and nerve damage.
Two types:
- Type I (IDDM): Requires insulin injections due to total lack of production.
- Type II (NIDDM): Managed through lifestyle changes; ineffective use of produced insulin.

Hypoglycemia

Life-threatening condition indicated by low blood sugar levels; requires prompt treatment.

Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar levels can lead to diabolic coma if untreated; requires immediate management.

Dehydration

Results from excessive water loss or inadequate intake; can cause hypovolemia and shock if not addressed.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the basic principles of management in medical emergencies as covered in PTH 105. This quiz focuses on signs, symptoms, and general management techniques for selected medical emergencies, including external bleeding and shock. Prepare to enhance your understanding and response in critical situations.