First Aid and Hemorrhage Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is an indication that a bandage may be impairing circulation?

Warm skin temperature

Bluish fingertips or toes (correct)

Increased pulse rate

Heightened responsiveness

What is the recommended position for a victim of internal bleeding?

Lying down with their head low and to one side (correct)

Lying flat on their back

Standing to promote blood flow

Sitting upright

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with internal bleeding?

Bruises on the chest

Cool, moist skin

Rigid abdomen

Increased pulse rate (correct)

What should you do if a victim of internal bleeding becomes unconscious?

Keep the airway open and check breathing Signup and view all the answers

What causes a nosebleed?

Ruptured tiny blood vessels from trauma or pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal blood volume range in infants?

80-85 ml/kg Signup and view all the answers

How much blood loss is indicated by moderate swelling in a femur?

500-2000 ml Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to control bleeding?

Apply direct pressure on the wound Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a dressing becomes soaked with blood?

Apply a new dressing over the old one Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing first aid for bleeding?

To stop the bleeding, prevent infection, and prevent shock Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pressure point for bleeding in the arms or hands located?

On the inside of the wrist Signup and view all the answers

When should you elevate the wound above the heart?

If bleeding continues despite direct pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is an important precaution before providing care for bleeding?

Put on protective gloves or use a barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between external and internal hemorrhage?

External hemorrhage is visible, while internal hemorrhage is not. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bleeding is characterized by bright red blood that comes in jets?

Arterial bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is reactionary bleeding?

Bleeding that occurs within 4-6 hours post-injury due to clot dislodgement. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of internal bleeding?

Bleeding into the spleen Signup and view all the answers

How does capillary bleeding typically present?

Bright red with rapid ooze Signup and view all the answers

What type of bleeding occurs at the time of injury or operation?

Primary bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hemorrhage?

Chronic dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What occurs following internal bleeding that may eventually become external?

Hematuria post renal injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to take when providing first aid for a nosebleed?

Ask the victim to sit down and reassure them Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a nosebleed continues after the initial treatment?

Keep pinching the nose for an additional 10 minutes Signup and view all the answers

In the case of ear bleeding, which position should the victim be in?

Half-sitting with their head tilted to the injured side Signup and view all the answers

For bleeding from the mouth, what initial position should the victim adopt?

Sitting down, head forward and tilted slightly to the injured side Signup and view all the answers

What action should be performed for 10 minutes when treating bleeding from the mouth?

Press a gauze pad on the wound between fingers and thumb Signup and view all the answers

What should be done first if a victim has a bleeding varicose vein?

Help the victim to lie down and raise the injured leg Signup and view all the answers

How should you manage the pressure on a bleeding varicose vein?

Apply pressure with a clean pad or dressing Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign of Class II hemorrhage?

Tachycardia with narrowing blood pressure difference Signup and view all the answers

What is critical to avoid when dressing a bleeding varicose vein?

Applying garments that constrict Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of blood volume loss characterizes Class III hemorrhage?

30-40% Signup and view all the answers

What is the key intervention for Class IV hemorrhage?

Aggressive resuscitation including blood transfusion Signup and view all the answers

What should you advise a victim to do with their blood if it dribbles out?

Let it drip, as swallowing may induce vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying a bandage to a bleeding varicose vein?

To exert even pressure on the area Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Outcomes

Ability to discuss first aid and management for bleeding victims.
Understanding how to manage hemorrhage and shock.

Definition of Bleeding

Bleeding is the leakage of blood from blood vessels.
Two types: external (visible) and internal (not visible).
Example of external hemorrhage: facial cuts.
Internal hemorrhage examples include bleeding in the spleen or liver.

Clinical Situations for Hemorrhage

Trauma or accidents.
Surgical interventions and gynecological procedures.
Coagulation disorders, including congenital and acquired.
Conditions include disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multiple organ failure (MOF).

Types of Bleeding by Source

Arterial bleeding: bright red, occurs in jets with the pulse.
Venous bleeding: dark red, flows continuously and copiously.
Capillary bleeding: bright red, rapid oozing often from abrasions.

Types of Bleeding by Timing

Primary bleeding: occurs at the injury or operation time.
Reactionary bleeding: occurs within 4-24 hours after primary bleeding, potentially due to clot dislodgement.
Secondary bleeding: happens 7-14 days post-injury or surgery.

Types of Bleeding by Visibility

External bleeding: visible on the body.
Internal bleeding: hidden, such as intra-abdominal or intracranial bleeding, which can manifest externally later (e.g., hematemesis or hematuria).

Measuring Acute Blood Loss

Normal blood volume: 80-85 ml/kg in infants; 65-75 ml/kg in adults.
Blood clot size: clots the size of a clenched fist may indicate roughly 500 ml of loss.
Swelling from fractures can indicate blood loss; tibia (500-1500 ml) and femur (500-2000 ml).
Weighing swabs: blood loss correlates to weight difference; 1 ml blood corresponds to 1 gm weight difference.
Hemoglobin levels may drop after 8 hours due to fluid influx.

First Aid for Bleeding

Objectives include stopping bleeding, preventing infection, and avoiding shock.
Use protective gloves to prevent disease transmission.

Controlling Bleeding

Apply direct pressure on the wound using available dressing; if none, use rags or hands.
Maintain pressure without disturbing the wound.
If bleeding continues, elevate the wound above heart level while applying pressure.
If necessary, apply pressure at pressure points:
- Arm: radial or brachial arteries.
- Leg: femoral artery in the groin.

Final Steps in Bleeding Control

Use a pressure bandage to secure the dressing.
Ensure to check pulse and circulation; slow rates or discoloration indicate circulation issues.

Signs and Symptoms of Internal Bleeding

Bruised, swollen, or rigid abdomen.
Chest bruises or fracture indicators.
Abnormal pulse, difficulty breathing, and cool, moist skin.

First Aid for Internal Bleeding

Lay victim down with head low.
Loosen constrictive clothing.
Reassure and check vital signs regularly.
Record any specimens passed or vomited; no oral intake.

Nosebleeds

Caused by ruptured blood vessels from trauma, sneezing, or high blood pressure.

First Aid for Nosebleeds

Sit victim down, tilt head forward.
Pinch the soft part of the nose firmly and keep pinching for 10 minutes.
Apply ice pack to constrict vessels.
Seek medical care if bleeding persists.

Ear Bleeding

Typically indicates a perforated eardrum due to trauma or foreign objects.

First Aid for Ear Bleeding

Help victim sit with head tilted to the injured side.
Use sterile dressing to lightly cover the ear.

Mouth Bleeding

Injuries to oral structures from teeth or dental procedures.

First Aid for Mouth Bleeding

Sit victim down, head forward and tilted to allow drainage.
Apply gauze and ask to compress for 10 minutes; replace if needed.
Advise against swallowing blood, which could induce vomiting.

Bleeding from Varicose Veins

Occurs due to valve failure, causing blood pooling and swelling.

First Aid for Varicose Vein Bleeding

Lay victim down and elevate the leg.
Apply firm direct pressure with a clean pad.
Avoid tight clothing that could worsen bleeding.

Classes of Hemorrhage (American College of Surgeons ATLS)

Class I: Up to 15% blood volume loss; usually no vital sign changes.
Class II: 15-30% loss; tachycardia and cool, pale skin; often only fluid resuscitation is needed.
Class III: 30-40% loss; requires fluid resuscitation and possible blood transfusion due to worsening vital signs.
Class IV: More than 40% loss; aggressive resuscitation needed to prevent death.

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Description

Test your knowledge on first aid techniques for managing bleeding victims. This quiz covers types of bleeding, clinical situations, and essential management strategies for hemorrhage and shock. Gain insights into blood loss, both visible and hidden, through practical scenarios.