PTA Program - Body Mechanics Lab Quiz

Study Notes

Learner Objectives

Identify principles of proper body mechanics.
Discuss the importance of employing good body mechanics and maintaining correct posture.

Principles of Body Mechanics

Prepare mentally and physically for tasks by arranging surroundings and seeking assistance.
Position oneself close to objects to minimize lever arms during lifting.
Maintain vertical gravity line within base of support (BOS) and keep BOS wide for stability.
Keep center of gravity (COG) close to the object or patient being moved.
Utilize strong muscles (biceps brachii, quadriceps, glutes) for lifting, carrying, and pushing while maintaining a neutral spine.
Prefer rolling, pushing, pulling, or sliding over lifting when possible.
Avoid lifting with simultaneous trunk flexion and rotation to protect the lumbar spine.
Be aware of personal physical limitations and stay within one’s abilities.
Warm up with gentle stretches focusing on flexion and extension of the back before lifting.
Assign one person to direct multi-helper lifts; use mechanical lifts (like a Hoyer lift) when available.
Pivot feet when lifting instead of twisting to avoid injury, particularly important for assembly line work.

Lifting Techniques

Deep squat lift: Hips below knee level; suitable for lifting heavy items from the floor.
Power lift: Hips above knee level; used for lifting heavy items from a seated position.
Straight leg lift: Knees can be straight or slightly bent; used for tasks like unloading groceries.
Golfer's lift: Intended for light items from the floor, substitute for straight leg lift.
Half kneeling lift (Tripod): Effective for lifting objects at ground level, like children or bags.
Traditional lift: Similar to the deep squat but not as deep.
Stoop lift: Useful for lifting objects with one arm, like a suitcase, positioned to one side.

Pushing, Pulling, Reaching, and Carrying

Maintain a crouched position with slightly flexed hips and knees for support.
Apply force parallel to the intended direction of movement when pushing or pulling (e.g., when transferring patients).
To begin moving a patient, initiate a 'rocking' motion to overcome inertia; avoid rocking if surgical precautions are in place.
Use a step stool for overhead reaching; keep COG over BOS, and avoid twisting.
When assisting recumbent patients, scoot them close using gentle movements or assist them into a sitting position.

Principles of Proper Posture

Maintain lordosis in cervical and lumbar regions for spinal health.
Ensure proper alignment when sitting or standing; avoid slouching.
Stay aware of head alignment over feet while practicing abdominal drawing exercises.
Limit time spent in prolonged standing or sitting positions to reduce strain.
Use a lumbar roll for support while sitting, as spinal posture affects head positioning.
Adopt correct sleeping posture by using one pillow for the head or a cervical roll, and place a pillow between knees for lower back support.

Description

This quiz covers Unit 4 Lab for PTA 105, focusing on body mechanics and lifting principles as discussed in Fairchild Chapter 4. Students will identify key concepts of proper body mechanics and the importance of maintaining correct posture through various scenarios. Prepare to apply your understanding in practical contexts.