Psychotic Disorders and Personality Disorders
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Questions and Answers

In order to diagnose a personality disorder in an individual younger than 18 years, the features must have been present for at least how much time?

  • 3 years
  • 2 years
  • 1 year (correct)
  • 6 months

    • What percentage of the general population has a personality disorder?

  • 20%
  • 15% (correct)
  • 5%
  • 10%

    • Which of the following is a biological explanation for personality disorders?

  • Childhood trauma
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Environmental factors
  • Genetics (correct)

    • Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized as 'anxious or fearful'?

    <p>Cluster C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness?

    <p>Paranoid Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for personality changes due to another medical condition?

    <p>Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a comorbidity of personality disorders?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to research, what percentage of substance-dependent individuals meet criteria for a personality disorder?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a physiological risk factor for further development of Personality Disorder?

    <p>Reduced heart rate and skin conductance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of someone with Borderline Personality Disorder?

    <p>Difficulty with emotion control and unstable relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might someone with Borderline Personality Disorder engage in self-harm?

    <p>To fill a feeling of emptiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavior associated with Borderline Personality Disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of personality organization associated with Borderline Personality Disorder?

    <p>Between neurotic and psychotic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a diagnostic criterion for Borderline Personality Disorder?

    <p>Five or more of the listed symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of depersonalization/derealization that distinguishes it from other mental disorders?

    <p>It is not better explained by another mental disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might someone with Borderline Personality Disorder have paranoid thoughts?

    <p>Due to fear of rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for depersonalization/derealization disorder?

    <p>Harm-avoidant temperament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common experience associated with Borderline Personality Disorder?

    <p>Feeling of emptiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate lifetime prevalence of depersonalization/derealization disorder among adults?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common comorbid disorder with depersonalization/derealization disorder?

    <p>Unipolar depressive disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mean onset age of depersonalization/derealization disorder?

    <p>16 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following environmental factors is strongly associated with depersonalization/derealization disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an immature defense mechanism associated with depersonalization/derealization disorder?

    <p>Idealization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the overconnection schemata in depersonalization/derealization disorder?

    <p>Impaired autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of personality disorders?

    <p>Dysfunctional and inflexible personality traits that deviate significantly from cultural expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of personality disorders?

    <p>Acute episodes of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge in diagnosing personality disorders?

    <p>Evaluating the individual's long-term patterns of functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range in which personality disorder features must be evident?

    <p>Early adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the 2 models approach, how many areas must be affected by personality disorder features?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of affectivity in the context of personality disorders?

    <p>The range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of personality disorders?

    <p>Clinically significant distress or impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between personality disorders and other mental health conditions?

    <p>Personality disorders are not due to substances or another medical condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of affective instability in individuals with borderline personality disorder?

    <p>Intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence rate of borderline personality disorder in psychiatric facilities?

    <p>10% to 20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of individuals with borderline personality disorder in terms of self-image?

    <p>Self-image instability concerning goals, sexual identity, values, and friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment approach for individuals with borderline personality disorder?

    <p>Psychodynamic Transference Focused or Interpersonal therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of individuals with borderline personality disorder in terms of anger?

    <p>Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of individuals with borderline personality disorder in terms of relationships?

    <p>Demanding and attributing bad intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of individuals with borderline personality disorder in terms of fear of abandonment?

    <p>Fear of abandonment especially when therapist announces the end of session or around anticipated holidays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the follow-up study result for individuals with borderline personality disorder after about 10 years?

    <p>50% no longer meet full criteria for borderline personality disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

    • Direct physiological consequence of another medical condition
    • Can present with delusions or hallucinations

    Personality Disorders

    • Chronic character traits or styles that lead to clinically significant interpersonal and behavioral problems
    • Dysfunctional and inflexible personality traits that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and are shown across many situations
    • Can cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
    • Symptoms become more visible under stress
    • Pervasive and stable, with rigid traits like being irritable, demanding, hostile, manipulative, or fearful
    • Difficulty in getting along with people
    • Acting on unconscious automatic uncontrolled impulses
    • 2 models approach to understanding personality disorders

    Challenges of Diagnosing Personality Disorders

    • Needs an evaluation of the individual's long-term patterns of functioning
    • Particular personality features must be evident by early adulthood
    • Prevalence: 50% of all adults have experienced at least one lifetime episode of depersonalization/derealization
    • Lifetime prevalence of the full disorder criteria: approximately 2%
    • Gender differences: none
    • Course: mean onset age 16 years old, but may start even earlier
    • Comorbid with unipolar depressive disorder and anxiety disorders
    • Risk factors/etiology: temperamental, environmental, and biological

    Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders

    • Paranoid Personality Disorder: pattern of distrust and suspiciousness, atypical electrodermal and cardiovascular responses
    • Schizoid Personality Disorder: descriptive features
    • Schizotypal Personality Disorder: descriptive features

    Borderline Personality Disorder

    • Patterns of impulsivity, self-harm, unstable affect, and interpersonal relationships, and suicidality
    • Difficulty with emotion control, especially anger, and emotional outbursts
    • Paranoid thoughts and dissociative states
    • Chronic experience of "emptiness"
    • Relationships: intensive and unstable
    • Seeking psychological help
    • Instability in many areas of functioning
    • Experienced suffering
    • Fluctuations in depression, anger, and anxiety
    • High risk of suicide
    • Self-mutilations are common
    • Instable relationships, casual sex, substance abuse, and other impulsive behaviors
    • Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity

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