Questions and Answers
In order to diagnose a personality disorder in an individual younger than 18 years, the features must have been present for at least how much time?
1 year
What percentage of the general population has a personality disorder?
15%
Which of the following is a biological explanation for personality disorders?
Genetics
Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized as 'anxious or fearful'?
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Which personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness?
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What is the term for personality changes due to another medical condition?
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Which of the following is a comorbidity of personality disorders?
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According to research, what percentage of substance-dependent individuals meet criteria for a personality disorder?
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What is a physiological risk factor for further development of Personality Disorder?
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What is a characteristic of someone with Borderline Personality Disorder?
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Why might someone with Borderline Personality Disorder engage in self-harm?
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What is a common behavior associated with Borderline Personality Disorder?
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What is the level of personality organization associated with Borderline Personality Disorder?
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What is a diagnostic criterion for Borderline Personality Disorder?
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What is a key characteristic of depersonalization/derealization that distinguishes it from other mental disorders?
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Why might someone with Borderline Personality Disorder have paranoid thoughts?
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What is a common risk factor for depersonalization/derealization disorder?
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What is a common experience associated with Borderline Personality Disorder?
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What is the approximate lifetime prevalence of depersonalization/derealization disorder among adults?
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Which of the following is a common comorbid disorder with depersonalization/derealization disorder?
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What is the mean onset age of depersonalization/derealization disorder?
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Which of the following environmental factors is strongly associated with depersonalization/derealization disorder?
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What is an immature defense mechanism associated with depersonalization/derealization disorder?
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What is a characteristic of the overconnection schemata in depersonalization/derealization disorder?
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What is the primary characteristic of personality disorders?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of personality disorders?
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What is the primary challenge in diagnosing personality disorders?
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What is the age range in which personality disorder features must be evident?
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According to the 2 models approach, how many areas must be affected by personality disorder features?
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What is the definition of affectivity in the context of personality disorders?
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What is the primary consequence of personality disorders?
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What is the key difference between personality disorders and other mental health conditions?
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What is the characteristic of affective instability in individuals with borderline personality disorder?
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What is the prevalence rate of borderline personality disorder in psychiatric facilities?
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What is the characteristic of individuals with borderline personality disorder in terms of self-image?
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What is the treatment approach for individuals with borderline personality disorder?
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What is the characteristic of individuals with borderline personality disorder in terms of anger?
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What is the characteristic of individuals with borderline personality disorder in terms of relationships?
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What is the characteristic of individuals with borderline personality disorder in terms of fear of abandonment?
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What is the follow-up study result for individuals with borderline personality disorder after about 10 years?
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Study Notes
Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
- Direct physiological consequence of another medical condition
- Can present with delusions or hallucinations
Personality Disorders
- Chronic character traits or styles that lead to clinically significant interpersonal and behavioral problems
- Dysfunctional and inflexible personality traits that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and are shown across many situations
- Can cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
- Symptoms become more visible under stress
- Pervasive and stable, with rigid traits like being irritable, demanding, hostile, manipulative, or fearful
- Difficulty in getting along with people
- Acting on unconscious automatic uncontrolled impulses
- 2 models approach to understanding personality disorders
Challenges of Diagnosing Personality Disorders
- Needs an evaluation of the individual's long-term patterns of functioning
- Particular personality features must be evident by early adulthood
- Prevalence: 50% of all adults have experienced at least one lifetime episode of depersonalization/derealization
- Lifetime prevalence of the full disorder criteria: approximately 2%
- Gender differences: none
- Course: mean onset age 16 years old, but may start even earlier
- Comorbid with unipolar depressive disorder and anxiety disorders
- Risk factors/etiology: temperamental, environmental, and biological
Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders
- Paranoid Personality Disorder: pattern of distrust and suspiciousness, atypical electrodermal and cardiovascular responses
- Schizoid Personality Disorder: descriptive features
- Schizotypal Personality Disorder: descriptive features
Borderline Personality Disorder
- Patterns of impulsivity, self-harm, unstable affect, and interpersonal relationships, and suicidality
- Difficulty with emotion control, especially anger, and emotional outbursts
- Paranoid thoughts and dissociative states
- Chronic experience of "emptiness"
- Relationships: intensive and unstable
- Seeking psychological help
- Instability in many areas of functioning
- Experienced suffering
- Fluctuations in depression, anger, and anxiety
- High risk of suicide
- Self-mutilations are common
- Instable relationships, casual sex, substance abuse, and other impulsive behaviors
- Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity
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