Psychosocial Interventions in Dementia
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Questions and Answers

Which type of cognitive intervention primarily aims to improve or maintain abilities in specific cognitive domains?

  • Cognitive training (correct)
  • Cognitive stimulation
  • Psychoeducation
  • Cognitive rehabilitation
  • What percentage of people with dementia in the UK live in the community?

  • 33%
  • 66% (correct)
  • 50%
  • 75%
  • Which type of coping strategies is associated with decreased symptoms of anxiety and depression in dementia carers?

  • Emotion-focused and acceptance-based coping (correct)
  • Dysfunctional coping
  • Avoidance coping
  • Problem-focused coping
  • What is a significant limitation of cognitive rehabilitation as cited in the content?

    <p>It shows no change in cognition and quality of life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do unpaid carers play in the total costs of caring for people with dementia in the UK?

    <p>44% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive stimulation is primarily characterized by which of the following elements?

    <p>Social interaction and cognitive challenges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of psychological intervention is considered a key component of high-quality dementia care for family carers?

    <p>Psychological therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy has not been found to help with anxiety and depression among dementia carers?

    <p>Problem-focused coping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of cognitive rehabilitation for people with dementia?

    <p>To set personally relevant goals for rehabilitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cognitive stimulation is true?

    <p>It is beneficial for cognition and quality of life in a group setting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of unpaid carers for individuals with dementia in the UK?

    <p>A significant number care for individuals at home, saving public resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to NICE guidelines, what is recommended for people with mild or moderate dementia?

    <p>Participation in structured cognitive stimulation programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the NICE recommend regarding psychological therapy for dementia carers?

    <p>It is a critical aspect of quality dementia care. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of coping strategy is less effective for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in dementia carers?

    <p>Dysfunctional coping strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation?

    <p>Cognitive training targets impairment, whereas rehabilitation focuses on personal goals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately reflects the demographics of individuals with dementia in the UK?

    <p>Two-thirds of individuals with dementia are women. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Cognitive Stimulation

    A non-specific cognitive stimulation program with a social element, often used for people with dementia. It aims to improve cognition and quality of life.

    Cognitive Training

    Guided practice on specific cognitive tasks; usually focuses on improving or maintaining cognitive abilities directly. Can be individual or group.

    Cognitive Rehabilitation

    A personalized approach to improving & restoring cognitive abilities in people with dementia using relevant goals. Aims to improve cognitive functioning.

    Dementia Carers

    Unpaid family or friends who care for people with dementia, which accounts for a significant proportion of dementia care costs.

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    Emotion-focused coping

    Coping strategies that help manage emotional responses to stress, like dementia caregiving. Associated with better mental health.

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    Dysfunctional coping strategies

    Strategies that don't effectively manage stress, leading to increased anxiety and depression, especially in dementia caregiving.

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    Problem-focused coping strategies

    Strategies focusing on solving problems or addressing the causes of stress. Not effective for anxiety and depression in dementia caregiving.

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    Solution-focused coping strategies

    Coping strategies focused on finding solutions or resolving issues related to stress. Not effective for anxiety and depression in dementia caregiving.

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    Reality Orientation

    A technique used in dementia care to help individuals maintain awareness of time, place, and person. It involves providing regular reminders and cues about these aspects of their environment.

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    Cognitive Stimulation: Goal?

    The primary aim of cognitive stimulation programs is to improve overall cognitive function and quality of life for individuals with dementia.

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    Cognitive Training: Focus

    Cognitive training involves guided practice on specific cognitive tasks, targeting isolated cognitive abilities and processes.

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    Cognitive Rehabilitation: Approach

    Cognitive rehabilitation is a personalized approach that aims to improve cognitive abilities by setting personally relevant goals and utilizing enhanced learning environments.

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    Dementia Caregivers: Role

    Dementia caregivers are unpaid family members or friends who provide support and care for individuals with dementia.

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    Emotion-Focused Coping: Benefits

    Emotion-focused coping strategies, which involve managing emotional responses to stress, are associated with decreased anxiety and depression in dementia caregivers.

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    Dysfunctional Coping: Impact

    Dysfunctional coping strategies, which are ineffective at managing stress, can lead to increased anxiety and depression among dementia caregivers.

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    Problem-Focused Coping: Limitations

    Problem-focused coping strategies, which focus on solving problems or addressing the root cause of stress, have not been found to be helpful for anxiety and depression in dementia caregiving.

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    Study Notes

    Psychosocial Interventions in Dementia

    • Cognitive Stimulation: Involves non-specific cognitive stimulation plus social elements, often in group settings. Evidence shows improvements in cognition and quality of life. NICE guidelines recommend structured group programs for mild to moderate dementia.
    • Cognitive Training: Guided practice on specific cognitive tasks, targeting cognitive impairment. This may be individual or in groups, focusing on isolated cognitive abilities. Can be restorative or involve psychoeducation and strategy training. The aim is to improve or maintain cognitive abilities in specific domains.
    • Cognitive Rehabilitation: Focuses on an individual's needs, setting personally relevant goals for improved cognitive abilities using enhanced environments. This approach aims to improve cognitive abilities by promoting plasticity in the brain. It can combine restorative and compensatory strategies with psychoeducation and training.

    People with Dementia and Their Carers

    • Prevalence: In the UK, approximately 816,000 people live with dementia, with two-thirds being women. About two-thirds of people live in the community, one-third in care homes.
    • Caregivers: 670,000 unpaid carers support people with dementia in the UK, contributing to 44% of total caring costs. A significant portion (70-80%) of people with dementia are cared for at home by family or friends.
    • Policy Context: NICE recommends psychological therapy for family dementia carers as a crucial component of high-quality dementia care. The MSNAP also highlights the importance of psychological interventions for family carers.

    Psychological Needs of Family and Friend Carers

    • Coping Strategies: Emotion-focused and acceptance-based coping strategies are associated with reduced anxiety and depression symptoms in carers compared to dysfunctional coping styles. Problem-solving strategies aren't as effective in reducing caregiver distress.
    • Caregiver Psychosocial Factors: Caregiver psychosocial factors contribute significantly (56%) to distress associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
    • CBT Interventions: Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) appears more effective for carers experiencing depression. More structured longer-term interventions and active therapy components are more beneficial, as well as educational and therapeutic aspects.

    Interventions for Carers

    • iSupport (WHO): A WHO-developed online training program for dementia caregivers. However, evidence of its effectiveness has been limited in some countries but remains a subject of continuing evaluation.
    • START Project: A pioneering UK trial testing manual-based therapy for dementia carers, led by graduates. This involves managing support, team skills, and individual suitability to deliver the intervention.

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    Description

    Explore various psychosocial interventions used in managing dementia, including cognitive stimulation, training, and rehabilitation. This quiz covers the effectiveness and recommendations of these strategies, as outlined by NICE guidelines. Test your knowledge on how these approaches can enhance the quality of life for individuals with dementia.

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