Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Methods Quiz
44 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of using fast changing magnetic fields in non-invasive brain stimulation methods?

  • To generate phosphenes and enhance visual perception
  • To stimulate neurons and modulate brain activity (correct)
  • To implant electrodes for direct neural interfacing
  • To disrupt neural connections for therapeutic purposes

    • Which of the following individuals is associated with the first successful generation of magnetically induced phosphenes?

  • Thompson
  • Magnussen & Stevenson
  • Barker et al.
  • d’Arsonval (correct)

    • What are the two modes of Cortical Effect in TMS as per the content?

  • Activation mode and Disruptive mode
  • Facilitative mode and Inhibitory mode
  • Potentiation mode and Suppressive mode
  • Disruptive mode and another unspecified mode (correct)

    • What year marked the beginning of the current era of TMS machines according to the historical timeline?

    <p>1985</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Invasive brain stimulation methods typically involve what procedure?

    <p>Direct electric stimulation of neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does rTMS stand for in the context of the data presented?

    <p>Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is indicated for number processing in the provided data?

    <p>Left SMG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the graph, what was the peak performance (RT) observed in the left control group?

    <p>900</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the dataset, which value corresponds to the right rTMS condition for number processing?

    <p>700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the data thread in the document?

    <p>Number processing and the effects of TMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impairment results from artificial lesions in the ventral stream of the primate visual system?

    <p>Inability to recognize shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a double dissociation between dorsal and ventral streams?

    <p>One stream can function normally while the other is impaired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of using lesion studies in neuropsychology?

    <p>They may involve confounding impairments that are hard to isolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a strength of lesion studies when performed invasively?

    <p>High spatial precision in mapping brain functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of applying brain stimulation to neurons?

    <p>It drives neurons to communicate by changing membrane potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of task would an animal with dorsal stream impairment struggle to perform?

    <p>Localizing a probe relative to two targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about subtraction and multiplication brain activity is true?

    <p>Subtraction activates areas more than multiplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does double dissociation help to illustrate in terms of cognitive functions?

    <p>The independence of different cognitive processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TMS stand for in the context of number processing?

    <p>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the number processing tasks shown, which region was targeted for rTMS?

    <p>SMG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was measured in response to the TMS application in the tasks?

    <p>Reaction Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the control condition in the number processing tasks?

    <p>It involves no stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the decreasing reaction times across the number processing tasks?

    <p>Improved processing speed over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of task was likely performed using the ANG and SMG regions?

    <p>Number processing tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options best describes the role of rTMS in these experiments?

    <p>To disrupt normal cognitive functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the experiments, how many trials were conducted as indicated in the X-axis?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is NOT mentioned regarding the localization of TMS sites?

    <p>Neurosurgical intervention approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the column comparison in the charts suggest about the measured regions?

    <p>SMG and ANG respond similarly to rTMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main principle behind fMRI-guided TMS Neuronavigation?

    <p>Individual stimulation sites are determined from personal activation peaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of TMS Neuronavigation uses individual MRI data for determining stimulation sites?

    <p>MRI-guided Neuronavigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of TMS Neuronavigation based on group coordinates?

    <p>It is based on the peak activation found in a fMRI experiment with a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of TMS Neuronavigation, what does the 10-20 EEG System refer to?

    <p>A set of anatomical landmarks for EEG electrode placement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the functional TMS localiser identify stimulation sites for participants?

    <p>By assessing the site that disrupts tasks for a specified duration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the comparison conducted by Sack et al. (2008)?

    <p>Comparing different methods of TMS site localization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a TMS experiment?

    <p>Making the blindsighted see.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of combining TMS and fMRI in research?

    <p>To investigate brain activity in response to TMS while visualizing it in real time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of blindsight observed in individuals with damage to the primary visual cortex?

    <p>Ability to detect and localize stimuli in the blind field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does the TMS stimulation serve in the study involving Patient GY?

    <p>To induce visual experiences in the blind field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by increased brain activity in the intact hemisphere after a unilateral stroke?

    <p>Reorganization of brain function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of visual qualia during bilateral TMS stimulation in Patient GY suggest about the role of V1?

    <p>V1 is necessary for awareness but not for detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might the alterations in brain activations after a stroke reflect aside from structural damage?

    <p>Functional reorganization within the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After applying 1 Hz TMS over the left PMd, what change is observed in the right PMd?

    <p>Increase in BOLD response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is expected after TMS over the left SM based on the data presented?

    <p>No increase in BOLD response in the right PMd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant conclusion about the functionality of the dorsal premotor cortex after a stroke?

    <p>It may compensate through increased activity in the intact hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lesion Studies & TMS

    • Lesion studies aim to understand the relationship between specific brain regions and cognitive functions. If a specific brain region is damaged, and a specific cognitive function is affected, then a causal link is implied between that region and function.

    • Invasive methods involve directly damaging or altering brain regions. This might include surgically removing brain tissue or cooling a region. This is ethically problematic in human subjects.

    • Non-invasive methods involve studying patients with incidental lesions or using brain stimulation to temporarily impair neural processing.

    Lesion Study: Basics

    • Lesion studies: When a specific brain area is damaged intentionally or incidentally, cognitive functions affected are causally linked to processes in that region.

    Types of Dissociation: Overview

    • Single dissociation: Damage to a specific brain region leads to an impairment in one particular task but not other tasks. However, the different sensitivities of those tasks may explain the findings. This phenomenon can be caused by the presence of unspecified impairments that affects performance in various tasks, with high sensitivities. This phenomenon can be challenging to interpret.

    • Double dissociation: Damage to one region produces impairment in one task, while damage to a different region produces impairment in a separate task. This strongly suggests specific functions are localized to specific areas.

    Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Overview

    • TMS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses magnetic pulses to temporarily stimulate neurons.

    TMS Objectives

    • Overview: provide a general understanding of the basic principles underlying lesion and brain stimulation studies.
    • Experimental Design: focus on essential design elements involved in TMS and lesion studies.
    • Strengths/Weaknesses: examine the critical advantages and disadvantages inherent to TMS and lesion studies, focusing on their inherent challenges.

    TMS History & Principles

    • History: Information about the development of TMS technology and related research findings.
    • Designing TMS Studies: Guidance on creating effective TMS research designs.

    TMS: Methods

    • Invasive methods: Stimulation of neurons in brain regions. Rare in humans. Usually used in cases of epilepsy treatment with implanted electrodes.
    • Non-invasive methods: Using rapid magnetic field changes to stimulate neurons. Includes transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or alternating current stimulation (tACS).

    TMS: Spatial Resolution (Summary)

    • Combined TMS & PET: Study showing correlation between blood flow (CBF) and the number of TMS stimulation trains at sites of stimulation and also distant regions in the brain.

    TMS: Temporal Resolution (Summary)

    • Time-sensitive TMS effect: TMS timing in experiments can be precise. effects of a single TMS pulse may last longer than 70ms.
    • Behavior studies: behavioural studies require delays of at least 10ms or more.

    TMS: Problem Space (Summary)

    • Factors that affects TMS studies: Temporal precision, spatial precision, and ethical/practical considerations.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Lecture 2 TMS & Lesions PoCN 2024 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as TMS and rTMS. This quiz covers key historical milestones, brain regions involved in number processing, and the effects of different stimulation methods. Explore critical concepts and data related to brain function and stimulation protocols.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser